台灣西部沿海鄉村地區國中青少年吸菸行為及其相關因素之探討──以某國中學生為例

Cigarette smoking behavior and the related factors for adolescents on one junior high school in coastal rural area, Western Taiwan

青少年一旦開始吸菸，容易成為規律吸菸者，進而成為吸菸相關疾病的受害者，因此如何預防青少年抽菸是近年來不可忽視的重要議題。本研究主要目的在於探討臺灣西部沿海鄉村地區國中青少年的吸菸行為及評估相關危險因素之影響力，進而對菸害防制提出具體建議。本研究採橫斷式設計，對象為就讀西部沿海鄉村地區某公立學校之全體國中學生，共取得1046份有效問卷，自填式結構問卷包括背景資料、父母態度、家人吸菸情形、個人吸菸態度、菸害知識及拒菸自我效能。研究發現此校國中生吸菸率為7.6 %，男生、學業成績較差的學生吸菸比例較高，男生吸菸人數是女生的2.2倍，超過8成吸菸者的學業成績較差。經邏輯回歸發現，學業成績、家中吸菸人數、個人吸菸態度、拒菸自我效能對吸菸行為具顯著影響。建議青少年菸害防制除全面性的一般宣導之外，應該加強青少年的吸菸態度及拒絕吸菸的自信和方法，並且針對男生、學業成績較差者實施不同的防制策略，並應同時將降低家庭吸菸人口納入吸菸防制策略中。

Most adolescents who initiate smoking eventually become regular smokers and experience smoking-related diseases. Therefore, the importance of preventing cigarette smoking among adolescents has recently become an important public health issue. The present study aimed to explore cigarette smoking behavior and its correlates in adolescents in order to propose concrete suggestions for preventing cigarette smoking. This cross-sectional study investigated junior high students (n=1046) who lived in a coastal rural area of Western Taiwan. A structured self-administered questionnaire was administered that obtained data for demographics, parent attitudes, status of family members who smoke, smoking attitude, knowledge of the hazards of smoking, and self-efficacy of anti-smoking. The smoking rate in this population was 7.6%, and was highest among male adolescents with poor school grades: the number of male smokers was 2.2 times the number of female smokers, and over 80% of the smokers had lower school grades. In the logistic regression analysis, the most influential factor of cigarette smoking behavior was school grades, and second was the number of family members who smoked. In addition, attitude toward cigarette smoking, and self-efficacy of anti-smoking showed significant differences. Future cigarette smoking prevention strategies for adolescents in this area should not only focus on the comprehensive advocacy, but also on the following three aspects: 1) male students with poor school grades, 2) improvement adolescents' attitude towards cigarette smoking and self-efficacy of anti-smoking, and 3) reduction in the number of family members who smoke.