競爭秩序下的網路中立性――歐盟與德國的立法發展給予我國之啟示

Net Neutrality in Competitive Order:Illumination from the Legislative Developments of the EU and Germany

本文主旨在於藉由歐盟與德國近年來針對網路中立性之立法歷程進行解釋與分析，並嘗試提出我國網路中立性立法之建議，以確保開放網路不受到網路服務業者恣意干擾。在進行規範面向的討論前，宜先釐清網路中立性議題之起源、內涵與訴求。對於網路中立性概念有所掌握後，本文參酌並介紹歐盟與德國法對於網路中立性之立法歷程，尤其是德國的網路中立性命令草案以及歐盟的電視通訊共同市場規章，藉此考察網路中立性立法必須斟酌考量之要點以及不同管制思維所開展之規範內容。網路中立性立法應該要考慮立法目的與原則、管制範圍、特殊服務之管制以及管制機關權限四個部分。本文對此將進行更進一步的分析，並同時將我國現行的法律規範納入思考，指出可行的立法方向，期待開放網路能夠獲得規範面之保障。

This article aims to review the principle of net neutrality and its compatibility with the legislation process in EU and Germany, and tries to make proposals about the legislation of net neutrality of Taiwan to ensure the “Open Internet” and to prevent arbitrary interferences by ISPs (Internet service providers). Before we exchange views about specific laws, it is important that the cause, content and appeal of the issue of net neutrality be clarified first. By reference to the concept of net neutrality, this article refers to EU’s and Germany’s legislative developments and results of net neutrality and pays special attention to German Draft of Net Neutrality Order (Netzneutralitätsverordnung-Entwurf) and EU’s “Regulation (EU) 2015/2120”. From these regulations, we shall understand the key points of legislation and the diverse contents of norms developed from different regulatory thoughts. The legislation of net neutrality has to take four necessary conditions into account: the regulatory purposes and principles, the regulatory scope, the control of specialized services, and the authority of regulatory agencies. This article conducts a further analysis of these four conditions with consideration of Taiwan’s related norms to bring out suggestions of lawmaking that guarantees an open Internet.