從公民與政治權利國際公約檢視我國原住民司法通譯制度

Analysis of the System of Indigenous Court Interpreters: from the Perspective of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

接受公平的審判，是人民享有的基本人權之一，而公平審判權包括：人人在法庭面前一律平等、公平公開的審判、無罪推定原則、一罪不二罰、不得無故推延庭期……等等。然而，這些權利能否實踐，端視被告能否流利地使用法庭所使用的語言，換言之，對於不熟悉、法庭所使用語言的原住民犯罪嫌疑人或被告來說，其能否受到公平的審判，仰賴的是完善的原住民司法通譯制度。2009年，我國將公民與政治權利國際公約內國法化，使刑事訴訟程序通譯權成為我國基本人權，然而，原住民司法通譯制度是否已經完善，使原住民犯罪嫌疑人之公平審判權獲得了保障？原住民司法通譯制度之主要問題為何？又其可能的改善方案為何？本文發現，我國原住民司法通譯制度的問題，包括：應用而未用過譯、原住民特約過譯員數量不足、特約過譯員不熟悉、法庭常用語以及其專業倫理道德有待加強等。本文建議，參酌美國加州法庭通譯制度，應建立司法通譯專業證照制度、線上通譯員名冊、在職訓練課程、提升特約通譯薪資等，使我國原住民司法通譯制度更加完善，以保障原住民犯罪嫌疑人或被告之基本人權。

The right to a fair trial is one of the most fundamental human rights. Elements of fair triaI incIude equaIity before the courts, fair and open trial resumption of innocence, double jeopardy, trial without undue delay ... etc. However this right can only be exercised if the accused can fluently u e the language which the court is using. Therefore, for indigenous suspect or defendant who cannot fluently use the court language, whether he enjoy the right to a fair trial depend on the soundness of the indigenous court interpreter system. In 2009, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights have become our law through legislation, which make the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings one of our basic human rights. However, is our indigenous court interpreter system sound enough to protect indigenous peoples' right to a fair trial? What are the problems? What are the possible solutions? This article finds that we are lack of indigenous court interpreters, indigenous court interpreter are not 0 familiar with the court-related terminology and they still need to improve their ethics and professional conduct. In the end, this article suggests that in order to uphold indigenous peoples' right to a fair trial, we should establish a court interpreter license system, on-line court interpreter list, in-service training program, and increase their payment.