民法總則中的法人分類

Review on the Classification of Legal Persons of General Principles of Civil Code

民法典中的法人分類離不開對於法人的“事物本質”的認識，法人的“事物本質”是為貫徹私主體自治理念而將人格概念轉用於社會組織體的結果，這不僅決定著法人概念的形成，同樣決定著法人的基本分 類。私法人分類的基本標準應當是作為私主體自治理念的團體自治原則，而最符合這一標準的分類即為社團法人與捐助法人。其他的分類標準只能在這一標準統領下遵循解析性的分類方法建構若干二級類型，例如營利性法人與非營利性法人。

The classification of legal persons in General Principles of Civil Code (Draft) cannot be ignored. The 'nature of things' of legal persons is the result of conversion the personality concept into social organizations to implement the concept of autonomy, which not only determines the formation of the concept of legal person, but also the basic classification of legal persons. The basic classification standard of legal persons should be the principle of autonomy. Corporation and foundation (Stiftungen) is the proper classification. The other classification standards are useful to the classification of sub-type following the basic classification standard, such as profit and non-profit corporation.