與目睹家內兇殺案兒童工作經驗探討

Working Experiences with Children Witnessed Domestic Homicide

這幾年來家庭暴力的議題逐漸受到重視，社會也開始關心目睹家庭暴力的兒童，每年都有未滿十八歲孩子的家人因親密暴力而慘遭殺害，這些兒童或青少年很可能目睹了全部的經過，或在事發後必須承擔這令人難以接受的事實：一方家長遭到殺害、另一方入監服刑，等同於同時失去了雙親。然而，不管是國外或國內，家庭暴力的焦點往往放在危機評估與協助受暴者，卻都忽略了這些嚴重家庭暴力下的目睹孩子們。兩位筆者因為前後曾受邀為這些孩子的遊戲治療師，期間驚訝地發現孩子必須面對的壓力除了喪親，還有長期目睹暴力、目睹凶殺、繼而必須進入刑事及司法調查，甚至被捲入暴力事件而成為倖存者等複雜的因素時，孩子內在世界混亂所產生的創傷，足以讓這些孩子封閉自我，在自認為不可能被理解的心情下，被內在的自責與罪惡感吞噬。相對之下，週遭的大人因為忙於處理喪親之慟，在不知道如何向這些孩子解釋這一切混亂時，孩子藏於內在心靈的傷害往往同時就被忽略，這也使得這些孩子所面臨的議題極其複雜又特殊，相對增加治療歷程的困難。因此，此篇實務整理也就是針對這些孩子可能面臨的議題，以可能的外在經驗與內在議題做不同層面的探討，並對往後想提供協助的相關助人工作者，提出自己的觀點與建議。

Intimate violence in families has always been an important issue for our society, therefore: children who witness domestic violence gets more attention recently. Amid social change, domestic homicides are on the rise. More and more victims were killed by their spouses/family members in home settings, and their children were involuntary involved in some way. Those children lost their both parents almost the same time, and suffered bereavement and loss. However, those children were likely to be neglected because of more complicated issues brought up in those cases.Two counselors were invited to provide play therapy for those children, and found out children had to suffer more than they could possibly bear. They had to deal with the loss of their parents/families, witness experiences of domestic violence, domestic homicide, involvement in the criminal investigation, and being the only survivor in the tragedy. Any of those issues could bring tremendous trauma for those children, and of course caused the inner turmoil within their hearts. They believed there in no one could understand how they feel, so that they shut their doors and tortured by the feelings of self-blamed and guilt. As a result, we tried to collect our working experiences with those children, and list the inner and outer issues they faced. Moreover, more ideas and thoughts brought up for helping professions in the end of this article. Hopefully, more children suffered in this kind of situation could be helped in some way.