外籍與大陸配偶家庭之貧窮分析

An Analysis on Poverty of Families with Foreign/Chinese Spouses in Taiwan

本研究針對低收入外籍與大陸配偶家庭進行分析。主要的研究發現如下：（一）外籍配偶家庭有1.5%是屬於官方的低收入戶，而大陸配偶家庭有3.6%是屬於官方的低收入戶，以後者較高於全國家戶的貧窮率（全國為1.08%）。（二）低收入外籍配偶與大陸配偶相比的主要差異是：外籍配偶及其台籍配偶較年輕，但是家中兒童人數與不健康數都較多。外籍配偶與大陸配偶都以無工作為多，而其台籍配偶的就業狀況則不同，外籍配偶的台籍配偶較多有工作，大陸配偶的台籍配偶則較多無工作；這可能與其年齡較高有關。至於地區分佈，低收入大陸配偶集中於北部，外籍配偶較多於北部與南部。（三）有關致貧因素，對於外籍配偶的家庭是否成為低收入家庭，人力資本、勞動市場歧視、家庭特徵的說法可以提供部分解釋。（四）對於大陸配偶的家庭是否成為低收入家庭，人力資本、同化觀點、勞動市場歧視、家庭特徵的說法可以提供部分解釋。此外，在地區方面，東部與南部的外籍配偶較易是低收入家庭，而北部的大陸配偶較易是低收入家庭。最後，本文提出相關的政策討論與建議。

This study investigates the characteristics of low-income families with foreign/Chinese spouses and the factors affecting them to become poor. Main findings are as follows: (1) The poverty rate of families with Chinese spouses is higher than that of families with foreign spouses as well as the national poverty rate. (2) Compared to low-income families with Chinese spouses, low-come families with foreign spouses have more children and children with health problems. Most of the foreign/Chinese spouses in these families have no jobs. (3) Major factors affecting families with foreign spouses are human capital, labor market discrimination, and the household compositions. (4) Major factors affecting families with Chinese spouses are human capital, the degree of assimilation, labor market discrimination, and the household compositions. There are also some area differences in terms of the distribution of low-income families. Finally, related policy discussions will be presented.