各國國家圖書館國際關係之探討—合作、交流與獎助

International Relations of National Libraries from Various Countries on Cooperation, Exchanges, Scholarship & Grants

全球化的深遠影響，改變圖書資料典藏機構的觀念及做法，也促使圖書資料單位更重視國際認識與瞭解，尋求可能的合作方式，以促進民眾文化瞭解及視野擴大。過去，因戰爭、買賣等因素，佚存他國圖書館的本國珍貴歷史資料，無法取回原件，只能透過專題書目或聯合目錄，瞭解存放地點；而且，原件的觀覽只能透過原件影印、複刻出版或到館閱覽等方式，才得以利用。近來，科技的進步，讓散佚海外的歷史文化遺產，得以取回數位檔案，成為近一、二十年各國圖書館國際合作的項目之一。大多數國家圖書館是該國參加國際組織的代表，許多國際圖書館界的交流活動是透過國家圖書館進行，因此，各國國家圖書館就成了國際交流與合作的中心。本文介紹世界各國國家圖書館國際合作的方式，包括區域性及全球性合作。此外，對於個別國家國家圖書館的國際合作則包含俄羅斯、日本、韓國、法國、斯洛維尼亞、捷克、荷蘭、美國，及澳洲等。

The far-reaching impact of globalization changed the attitudes and practices of library collections agencies which also contributed to a greater international awareness and understanding by library materials collectors. They seek possible ways of cooperation to promote public cultural understanding and broadening of horizons. In the past, due to factors related to war, buy and sell action, original national valuable historical materials that are deposited in foreign libraries can not be retrieved except through subject bibliography or union catalog that show the storage site. Moreover, to view and make use of the original, one can only do so through photocopy to copy the publication or personally go to the library. Due to advances in technology in recent years, historical and cultural heritage that are dispersed overseas can be retrieved in digital files. This has been one of the international libraries cooperation project during these two decades. On the international level, national libraries represent its country and all the interests of its readers. Most national libraries also represent its country to participate in international organizations. Many international library world exchange activities are conducted through national libraries. Hence, national libraries become the center of international exchange and cooperation. This article introduces the various ways of international cooperation programs of national libraries all over the world, including regional and global cooperation. Furthermore, international cooperation of individual national libraries is introduced. This includes Russia, Japan, Korea, France, Slovenia, Czech and Netherlands the United States, Australia. Offering research grant for foreign scholars to use the rich resources of the library collections for their respective research in order to enhance international understanding and academic exchanges is also an important international cooperation project. Specifically presented here are the experiences of national libraries of the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, France and other countries.