臺灣客家現代族群想像的三種類型：民族認同、公民權利以及認知框架

Three Patterns of Taiwan Hakka’s Modern Ethnic Imagination: National Identity, Civil Rights and Cognitive Frame

本文首先從族群理論的角度詮釋王甫昌（ 2003）關於現代客家族群想像的說法，以提供不同學科領域的客家研究者對社會學式的族群研究有更多的理解。本文認為王甫昌對現代臺灣客家族群想像的分析著重在將其視為一種社會學意義下的「族群」屬性，也就是一種現代「公民權利」意義上的族群。接著，本文借用 Anthony D. Smith 的「族群─民族」（ ethnic-nation）理論，以及 Roger Brubaker 的「族群認知」（ ethnicityof cognitive）論述，提出另外兩個關於現代客家族群想像的類型，以與王甫昌的論點進行對話。本文認為，王甫昌定義下的現代客家族群想像是一個當代多元文化社會下的族群想像，這是一種建立在多數與少數社會互動下的族群權利規範想像。但我們不能忽視另外一種建立在族群─民族傳承下的族群象徵想像，以及臺灣客家在 2000 年之後進入了大量制度化與法制化的族群想像方式。

This essay rethinks Fu-chang Wang’s（王甫昌） arguments on the modern ethnic imagination of The Taiwan Hakka under purely sociological ethnic study, and tries to clarify its sociological meaning to other Hakka researchers who trained in other disciplines. Fu-chang Wang’s main argument on the modern ethnic imagination of The Taiwan Hakka is essentially a kind of civil rights claim. It leverages Anthony D. Smith’s ethnic-nation theory and Roger Brubaker’s ‘ethnicity as cognitive’ to deploy another two patterns about the Modern Hakka Imagination, then for dialogue with Fu-chang Wang‘s modern Hakka Imagination. In definition of Wang’s modern Hakka Imagination is an ethnic imagination under variety of ethnicities in modern society, it establishes a social interaction between the majority and the minority, it is also an imagination on how to build up a set of rights and norms in ethnic relationship and ethnic interaction. In the views of ethnic theory, we can’t disregard ethnic culture-symbol imagination under ethnic succession. In addition, as a variety of ethnic rights regulations have showed, the Taiwan Hakka entered into an era of massive institution and legitimacy from the year 2000 onwards.