桃園縣某都市公立國中學生對垃圾減量之行為意圖及相關因素之研究

A study of behavior intention and related factors on waste reduction for junior high students at a certain city of Taoyuan County

本研究運用 Ajzen & Fishbein（ 1980）的理性行為理論和 Bandura（ 1982）的自我效能來驗證國中生垃圾減量行為意圖與相關變項之關係。母群體為桃園縣某都市 101 學年度七到九年級之公立國中學生，採叢集抽樣法，以班級為單位進行抽樣，取得有效樣本 701 份，使用結構式問卷作為本次研究的研究工具。分析所得重要結果如下：一、 研究對象對於垃圾減量大多持正向評價，且大多願意遵從導師、父母、任課教師的意願執行垃圾減量行為。二、 研究對象在垃圾減量行為意圖當中，對於資源回收分類行為及再利用行為具有較高的行為意圖，以拒用行為意圖最為薄弱。三、 研究對象在垃圾減量自我效能方面表現出較低的自我效能，尤其是在很忙、很累、沒時間時，其自我效能最低；而在師長父母朋友重視時、學校課堂有教到時，其自我效能較高，顯示家庭及學校教育的重要性。四、 約有八成的學生對垃圾減量有正確的認知，但在政府相關政策、源頭減量行為、垃圾處理、有害垃圾處理等方面的認知較差。五、 本研究支持理性行動論結合自我效能，加入自 我效能之後解釋力提升 8%，高達 39.4%，其中自我效能影響最大，其次為態度，主觀規範影響最小。

In this study, a model combined Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980) and Self-efficacy (Bandura, 1982) were employed. The subjects were selected by stratified cluster sampling from 7th to 9th graders of junior high school students in one city of Taoyuan county in 2013. A total of 701 effective samples were collected using a self-edited structured questionnaires.The main results of the study were as follows: 1. More than eighty percent of the subjects hold positive attitudes on waste reduction. They were willing to comply with their teachers and parents’ suggestions for waste reduction. 2. Among the questions of behavioral intention of waste reduction, the subjects showed higher willingness of behavior in reuse and recycle, but showed the lowest in refuse behavior. 3. The subjects showed lower self-efficacy of waste reduction in the situations of “no time”, “too tired”, and “too busy”, whereas higher self-efficacy of waste reduction were presented when their teachers, parents, or peers pay attentions to this issue of waste reduction, which reveals the importance of environmental education in school and family. 4. About eighty percent of the subjects had correct cognition on waste reduction, but showed lack of knowledge in source reduction, policy and the methods of hazardous waste clearance. 5. There are positive significant correlation between gender, knowledge, school supports, family supports and behavior intention of waste reduction. No correlation was shown between the type and ownership of house and behavioral intention of waste reduction. 6. The results of this research showed the combination of Theory of Reasoned Action and Self-efficacy could successfully improve the prediction of behavioral intentions of waste reduction to 39.4% (increase by 8%). 7. The results support the hypothesis of Theory of Reasoned Action, that extrinsic variables affected behavioral intention indirectly through attitude and subjective norms.