以多重觀點探討國際間技術領域知識流動策略

A Multi-perspective Study on the Strategy of International Knowledge Flow in Technical Field

知識流動在產業發展與科技研發策略上扮演重要的角色，跨國合作專利是跨國知識流動上的具體表現。然而，過去研究多以專利引用方式衡量知識流動，以多重觀點觀測各國知識流動的軌跡，卻缺乏相關的研究。本研究認為知識流動是一個複雜的歷程，除了透過專利文件觀察之外，人才流動特性應是另一個觀察的面向。故本文透過發明人跨國合作情況、發明人流動分析、遷移路徑分析、技術領域差異分析，以及國際活躍度等分析，探索各國知識流動現狀。研究結果發現美國、新加坡與瑞士之重要策略特性皆為發明人移入國，而我國在半導體跨國合作上具有良好表現，且中國與美國是我國在研發上最大的合作夥伴。最後，我國在國際知識交流上仍有努力的空間，未來仍需持續推動國際間的研究交流與產業互動，積極參與國際相關組織之技術交流與標準制定，促進與國際廠商間的實質合作，且所驗證知識流動之決策及其效果可提供政府、業者與專利權人實務上之參考。

Knowledge flow plays a crucial role in determining the strategy of industrial development and R&D, and international cooperation patents can be seen as a specific performance of multinational knowledge flows. Previous studies have almost adopted patent citation to measure knowledge flows. However, there is a great lack of research to observe countries' knowledge flow trajectory form multi-perspectives. This study suggests that the flow of knowledge is a complex process, in addition to observing the patent document, the mobility of talent should be observed for another. Therefore, this study use cross-national cooperation of the inventor, inventor mobility analysis, migration path analysis, analysis of differences in technical fields, and international activity analysis, etc., to explore the current status of national knowledge flows. The results indicate that the strategic directions of the United States, Singapore and Switzerland are the inventor immigration countries. Taiwan has a good performance in the field of semiconductor technology international cooperation, and our country's main partners on R&D are China and the United States. Finally, we still have an ample space for improvement in the international knowledge exchange. We should continue to promote the international exchange of research and industry interaction in the future, and be more actively involved in technical exchanges and standard-setting in relevant international organizations to promote international cooperation within firms. The results regarding the strategy and its corresponding effectiveness of the different flows of knowledge can be the good references for the government, industry and assignee.