以社會與科技觀點探討冬眠專案之知識分享

A Socio-Technical View for Examining the Sharing of Knowledge of Dormant Projects

知識管理系統已被企業組織廣泛使用來協助員工管理於執行各項專案的經驗中所獲得之知識。實務上，專案常會因為內外部的因素造成專案取消或暫停一段時間後再執行，有學者將此類專案稱之為冬眠專案。文獻指出，專案團隊中的知識分享可以提升成員解決問題的能力，進而節省成本。經文獻探討得知，雖然已有許多過往研究針對專案團隊成員間之知識分享相關議題進行研究，針對如何促使參與過冬眠專案的成員將該類專案的執行中所得之知識，經由組識之知識管理系統分享給其他人的研究，依然相當缺乏。因此，本研究採用社會與科技觀點，發展出一個理論模型，來探討參與過冬眠專案的員工利用組織之知識管理系統，來分享冬眠專案知識的關鍵因素，以及這些因素對員工的知識分享意願之影響。本研究針對臺灣的企業中參與過冬眠專案的員工進行問卷調查，共收集94份有效問卷。研究結果顯示，社會因素中的相互性與知識分享自我效能會顯著影響分享冬眠專案知識的意圖；科技因素中的知識品質會顯著影響分享冬眠專案知識的意願，系統品質則否；而系統品質與知識品質會顯著影響員工對知識管理系統的滿意度，但滿意度並不顯著影響分享冬眠專案知識的意願。本研究之研究結果可增進我們對經由執行冬眠專案所得之相關知識的分享有進一步之瞭解，並可以進而協助組織制定可以鼓勵員工主動地分享此類冬眠專案相關知識的政策與方法。

Knowledge management systems (KMS) have been implemented by organizations to aid in the management of the knowledge acquired via the execution of various projects. In practice, projects are often paused or cancelled for various reasons. Those projects are often referred to as dormant projects. Prior studies indicate that knowledge sharing in a project team can enhance team members’ abilities of solving problems of similar projects, thus reducing project costs. There have been studies that investigate the knowledge-sharing issues in project teams, however, the sharing of knowledge related to dormant projects via the use of KMS remains an important yet under-researched area. Consequently, by adopting a socio-technical view, this study develops and examines a research model that identifies the key influencing factors and their effects on the employees’ intentions regarding the sharing of the knowledge related to dormant projects via organizations’ KMS. Data collected from 94 practitioners in Taiwan provide support for the research model. The results indicate that reciprocity, knowledge sharing self-efficacy, and knowledge quality are central to the intention of dormant project’s knowledge sharing, but system quality and user satisfaction are not. Additionally, system quality and knowledge quality positively influence user satisfaction. The findings of this study have advance the understanding of the sharing of knowledge related dormant projects, and thus can help organizations develop methods to encourage their employees to actively share the knowledge of dormant projects.