創業訓練與創業績效關聯性之研究：機會辨識與先驗知識所扮演的角色

A Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurship Training and Entrepreneurial Performance: The Role of Opportunity Identification and Prior Knowledge

新事業的誕生，起始於創業機會的發掘與發展，然而，創業家的機會辨識能力，是否能經由訓練而予以強化，過去的研究並未見有完整的定論。本研究以創業訓練為出發，提出創業訓練、機會辨識、先驗知識，以及創業績效關聯性之假設模型，以參與2010年經濟部中小企業處委託中國青年創業協會總會辦理的「創業創新養成學苑」的創業家為調查樣本，驗證研究提出之假設模型。經對回收問卷進行統計分析整理後，研究發現妥善的訓練規劃，對於機會辨識能力與創業績效的提昇有顯著的影響；其次，創業訓練在影響創業績效過程中，機會辨識能力確實扮演著中介角色；此外，創業家擁有的先驗知識，諸如產品市場知識、顧客問題知識，以及技術知識，在創業訓練影響機會辨識過程中，呈現出強烈的干擾效果，反映出，創業家在參與訓練前，如能先擁有相關的先驗知識，之後，再加上完善的創業訓練，就能擁有較佳的機會辨識能力，進而獲致較佳的創業績效。

The identification of opportunities that initiates entrepreneurial ventures was the key to the engine that starts new business. However, can entrepreneurship training bring out the ability of opportunities identification in entrepreneurs? In the past, literatures had not drawn a concrete conclusion in this regard. This research adopted entrepreneurship training theory as a blueprint and proposed a hypothesis model which integrates entrepreneurship training, opportunity identification, prior knowledge and entrepreneurial performance. The samples of research were funded by small and medium enterprises who participated in the courses that commissioned by China Youth Career Development Association. Through understanding the entrepreneurs' cognition toward the proposed hypothesis, the model was tested and verified. The results indicated the following findings: 1. Entrepreneurship training had positive impacts on the ability of opportunity identification and entrepreneurial performance. 2. Opportunity identification mediated the relationship between entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurial performance. 3. The entrepreneur who had prior knowledge, such as market knowledge, customer-knowledge and technical knowledge, indicated a strong moderator effect. This result reflected if entrepreneurs had owned relevant prior knowledge before training, they could own a better ability of opportunity identification, and thus get a better entrepreneurial performance.