運用QFD及DEA技術於新產品開發功能評選之研究

Evaluation of Functional Features in New Product Development: An Application of QFD and DEA

為了取得全球市場競爭優勢，企業不斷發展新產品，並運用有限時間與資源開發滿足顧客需求之高品質產品，然新產品的設計功能愈來愈多且複雜度高，如何評選最合適的設計功能組合，減少開發時間，降低成本與滿足顧客需求則成為重要之課題。本研究建構一個系統化的設計功能評選過程，量化決策者主觀評斷準則與提供相對客觀的評選結果，透過品質機能展開技術將顧客需求展開到產品設計的各項功能需求，依照顧客需求相對重要性，競爭產品和銷售策略等相關屬性決定新產品開發的品質企劃程度，並且使用資料包絡分析技術衡量各項功能設計之間的相對效率值，將各個設計功能依照效率值加以排序，最後在新產品開發總限制時間內選出適合的新產品功能設計組合。而應用實例顯示，除少數設計功能因決策者特殊偏好的評選準則而相異，整體而言利用本決策整合流程所評選之設計功能大致與實際相符合，同時花費較少產品開發時間並滿足更多顧客需求，以及協助決策者面對眾多設計功能組合可以更清楚客觀地評選產品設計功能。

This study proposes a systematic process in evaluating product functions by assessing the subjective criteria of decision makers' preferences and adopting the objective measures of performance appraisal. The modeling process first uses QFD to deploy the customers' requirements to the function attributes of the product in determining the quality plan according to the relative importance of customers' requirements, competitor's product and sale strategy, respectively, and then applies DEA to evaluate the features of the product and rank them by their efficiencies. Finally, a suitable combination of functional features for the new product development can be obtained with a limited total production time. The results of the case study show that the selected features give rise to shorter production time and satisfy more customers' requirements. In addition, the product with features selected by the proposed approach is similar to the ones selected by project managers in actual project. The proposed model can assist the decision maker who faces the choices of function combinations in evaluating the efficiency of the entire product with better systematic judgments.