保障與限制：對質詢問權在歐洲人權法院的實踐及其啟示

Security and Restrictions: Practice and Enlightenment for the Right of Confrontation in the European Court of Human Rights

歐洲人權法院在其審判實踐中，對《歐洲人權公約》第6條第3款d項規定的對質詢問權所應具備的公正要素，包括口頭詢問、證人出庭、平等武裝以及官方義務進行了有條件的限縮，但同時也提出了“唯一或決定性”規則作為底線性保障。對於一項最低限 度的基本權利，歐洲人權法院的保障與限制，無疑關乎其對“公正”審判標準的界定。對質詢問權在歐洲人權法院的實踐對我國的司法實踐無疑也具有借鑒意義。

In judicial practice, The European Court of Human Rights condenses with certain condition the fair elements of the Right of Confrontation, including oral inquiry, the attendance of witnesses, equality of arms and official duty regulated in Article 6 paragraph 3(d) of the European Convention on Human Rights. Meanwhile, the 'Sole or Decisive' Rule was put forward as a baseline of security. For a fundamental right of minimum degree, security and limit of the European Court of Human Rights undoubtedly relate to its definition of 'fair' trial standards and also undoubtedly have some enlightenment to China's judicial practice.