知識產權領域的表達自由：保護與規制

Freedom of Expression in Intellectual Property: Protection and Regulation

表達自由是世界各國普遍認可的憲法權利，在知識產權領域是以私權及其限制制度得以實現的。表達自由原則後延伸至商業言論領域，由此形成政治言論與商業言論類型之分，並產生保護與規制的法律問題。知識產權領域的表達自由，主要有新聞報導、戲仿創作、安全軟件警示、商標戲仿、廣告宣傳等情形，其受保護的條件及程度各有不同。在知識產權司法實踐中，對商業言論在內的表達自由案件，應注重憲法、知識產權法、反不正當競爭法等系統規範適用，同時考慮建構“公共利益”檢驗標準、“法益位階”選擇規則、“利益平衡原則”作業方案等裁判規則。

Freedom of expression is the constitutional right recognized by many countries in the world, which is realized through private right and its restriction in the area of intellectual property. The principle of freedom of expression extended to the area of commercial discourse and divided into political discourse and commercial discourse, which give rise to the legal issue of protection and regulation. The freedom of expression in intellectual property includes news report, performance, warning of security software, commercial performance and advertisement with varying protection conditions and degrees. In the judicial practice of intellectual property, when dealing with cases concerning freedom of expression in commercial discourse, constitution，intellectual property law and competition law should be applied accordingly, meanwhile public interest test criteria, selection rule of legal interest level and interest balancing principle shall be established as rule to render judgment.