財產犯罪中的持有概念：社會性歸屬的證立與運用

The Concept of ＂Possession＂ in Criminal Law

本文的任務是重新定義並證立財產犯罪中的持有概念。依照本文看法，持有是物的社會性歸屬，可定義為社會交往觀點下被肯認之人對物的使用可能性，其中使用可能性概念僅指涉人與物的客觀存在，社會交往觀點始為判斷持有關係存否的唯一規範性標準。此一定義，係透過與刑法規範性的橋接論述而被證立。持有表示一種由社會交往觀點判讀而出的人與物間慣常連結模式，具有社會體制的地位。而社會交往觀點的功能性，在於提供個人決定其與物品之間關係的外在導引，以避免從事人際交往時的失望風險；社會交往觀點的正當性，則來自於個人同意參與體制並接受其事實上運作模式，經此利用體制實現自由。藉由上開持有概念，可一貫且妥適地解決各種疑難案例，達成刑法保護個人財產權的意旨。

The purpose of this article was to clarify the concept of possession in criminal law, which plays a key role in discussing the offences against personal property. The author argued that possession can be defined as the possibility to use things, which is recognized under the social viewpoint. Therefore, possession appears as a social institution. The social viewpoint has the function of orientation, which helps people to decide how they treat objects in daily life. Its legitimacy comes from the voluntary participation of individuals in this institution. Many difficult cases can be solved consistently by the definition of possession proposed above.