單薪家庭和雙薪家庭父母親與一歲嬰兒互動行為之研究

Mother-infant and Father-infant Interaction in Single-wage and Dual-wage Families

本研究旨在比較單薪與雙薪家庭父母親與一歲嬰兒的互動行為，以及這些互動行為 是否與母親的社會支持度與生活幸福感有關聯。研究方式為觀察員至個案家中實地觀察 並記錄父母親如何與一歲嬰兒互動，並請母親填寫社會支持量表與生活幸福感量表。參 與本研究為高屏地區31 個家庭，其中有14 個單薪家庭、17 個雙薪家庭；受觀察的嬰兒 中，男嬰有16 位、女嬰有15 位。本研究將父母親與嬰兒互動行為分為照顧行為、遊戲 行為、口語互動行為、給物社會行為、情感交流行為等五大類。經T 檢定、變異數分析 和皮爾森績差相關分析後，發現父親與母親在與一歲嬰兒互動行為上有顯著差異，母親 在照顧行為、遊戲行為、口語互動、給物社會行為、情感交流行為出現的次數頻率都顯 著地多於父親。在遊戲行為中，母親比父親有較多的物體遊戲行為，而父親則比母親有 較多的大肌肉遊戲。單薪家庭的母親在遊戲行為出現的頻率上比雙薪家庭的母親還多， 而雙薪家庭的父親在照顧行為和遊戲行為出現次數顯著地高於單薪家庭父親。另外，母 親生活幸福感及社會支持度在單薪與雙薪家庭並無顯著差異，與母子的互動行為也無顯 著關聯。

The purpose of this research was to compare mother-infant and father - infant interaction in single -wage and double -wage families. This study also investigated whether mother-infant interaction related to mother’s social support and well-being. The data was collected by observing mother-infant and father-infant interaction in home and asking mothers to fill out the social support scale and well-being scale. Subjects were 14 single -wage and 17 double -wage couples in Kaohsiung and Pintung Areas. Sixteen male and 15 female infants were involved in this study. T-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that mothers were more engaged in caregiving， playing， vocalizing and displaying social and affective behaviors with their infants than were the fathers. In comparison playing behaviors， mothers were more likely to engage in object play while fathers were more likely to engage in rough play with infants. The single-wage mothers performed more often playing behavior with infants than did double-wage mothers. The double-wage fathers were more engaged in caregiving and playing with their infants than were the single-wage fathers. Otherwise， mother’s personal well-being and social support were not significantly different between single and double wage families and not related to mother- infant interaction.