國際航線女性空服員身心健康與工作壓力之研究

A Study of International Female Flight Attendant’s Physical-Mental Health and Job Stress

台灣在商業航空公司擔任飛行機組的員工將近5000名，其中超過半數是女性空服員。1986年開始，學者陸續提出了關於女性空服員有較高比例乳癌罹患率及較易發生早發性自然流產；這些高度危險群的患病原因仍未完全明朗，是否為職業相關的作業模式與作業環境所造成，值得我們進一步的關切與瞭解。本研究以飛行國際航線之女性空服員為對象，以0SI量表為基礎，並透過訪談調整問項；經分析264份有效問卷，本研究發現：（1）身心健康狀況以生理症狀之「腰酸背痛」的發生頻率最高，其次是「莫名奇妙感到疲倦或精疲力竭」；心理症狀則以「在工作中當我很憤怒時，會坐下來告訴自己「飛得好累」」為最高；且健康狀況會因不同的人口屬性與工作特性而有所差異。（2）工作壓力感受以「熬夜工作」最高，其次是「個人責任」，第三則為「人際關係」；且工作壓力感受程度會因不同人口屬性與工作特性而有所差異。（3）工作壓力與身心健康狀況有顯著相關。

Approximately there are 5,000 flight attendants employed in commercial airlines in Taiwan.Over 50 percent of them are female. From 1986 scholars have discovered that female flight attendants aremore prone to breast cancer and miscarriage. The causes of the illness are not clear. However, it is acritical issue and worthy of further investigation. The aims of the study are to find out female flightattendants’ work pressure, health status and coping strategies. This research adopted cross-section surveyby employing OSI questionnaire to investigate 264 female flight attendants. The findings of this study areas follows: 1. Physical health problems include backache, and fatigue. Psychological symptoms include“Tell myself ‘I am fed up with flying’ when I feel irritated during work”, “I feel overloaded andexhausted.” 2. The most pressured item is “Staying up all night” (Night shift), followed by “Individualresponsibility” and “Relationship”. 3. There is a significant relationship between work pressure andphysical as well as psychological health status.