泰國稻米生產過程中抗鹽性之改善對策

Salinity and Salt tolerance improvements in Thai rice

稻米是泰國農業的根幹產業，也是泰國主要穀類，在國際市場上也佔據重要的地位。泰國主要農耕地位于泰國中部與北部，這些地區常處於鹽害威脅的處境。鹽分在稻作成長發達過程中引發滲透逆境而造成嚴重的負面影響。為減低此種災害，採用回交育種，突變育種，分子標誌等方式，選拔出抗鹽新品種。最近利用新的育種材料，培育出多種抗鹽性的品種，成果豐碩。未來有必要持續進行新的系統之探索，以提高稻種的抗鹽性。

Thailand is an agricultural-base country with the important rice market in the world. Both of white rice and glutinous rice bound with Thai people's livelihood as a main course. For the general market, white rice is very popular to consume in general market while Jasmine rice (Khao Hom Mali rice) is mainly exported in the premium market. Most of rice fields in Thailand are located in the central and the northeast region which is an obtain salinity effect area due to rock salt accumulate in the underground. Salinity affects growth and development of rice on osmosis stress so it is very serious problem for Thai rice improvement. Normally, saline soil management can handle in many ways but waste a lot of asset. Because of this reason salt tolerant rice were improved to generate new tolerant lines by using various technique such as back crossing, radiation-induced mutation or molecular marker-assisted selection. Local Thai rice that perform salt-tolerance ability was also reported such as; Hom jan rice (HJ) which is commonly grow near seashore area in the southern part of Thailand. At the present, numerous research try to improve salt tolerant lines for example: Bureau of Rice Research and Development (BRRD) of Thailand, developed salt tolerant line using breeding of KDML 105 (jasmine rice) with salt-tolerant genotype and released new line which has salt tolerant performance and good quality than original type. However rice improvement in Thailand will tend to be continue to find a new breed that withstand in salt stress or another stress condition down the line.