孝與代間關照關係轉化的現象學

The Phenomenology of the Relationship Transformation between Filial Piety and Intergenerational Caregiving

孝道是本土規範指引子代對待親代的重要價值體系。在生命週期的演化中，人承先啟後、代代相傳。子代的身體是父母所給予的，自生命孕育、出生、成長到老化需不斷地接受撫育教養。本文試圖從現實面中孝的文化與現代社會在代間關照的議題上所形成的張力出發，進一步援引海德格對於個體此在的存有與關切之闡釋，接著討論黑爾德如何承接和批判海德格對於個體時間性的思考而引出代間的概念。文章將從下列四方向一一展開相關的論述：（一）家庭世代間的孝與關照，（二）度日與世代生成的時間經驗，（三）工具性與本真性之愛的代間關係，（四）代間關照之關係轉化與傳承。孝道是一種精密的文化設計，呼應著社會及家庭內代間重要的倫理態度、責任與角色實踐，同時更提供我們自身生命經驗的基礎。本文企圖將其置於世代間傳承與彼此關照的關係中，尋找某種更本真生存與生活實踐間之交流與可能性，期待不會使世代間的關係成為偏差或斷裂，而是讓我們得以建立一種新的世代間真誠關照與倫理實踐之可能。

Filial piety is a significant value system formatting the indigenous local norms to direct the offspring how to treat their parents. In the evolution of the life cycle, people carry forward from generation to generation. The body of the offspring is given by the parents, and it cannot be separated from the results of biological inheritance, from fertilization, birth, growth to aging, who must continuously accept upbringing and disciplinary training from family and its social and institutional culture. This paper attempts to invoke Heidegger’s interpretation of the “Dasein” and “Sorge” from the perspective of the tension between the filial piety in the real world and the intergenerational caregiving issues in the modern society. We then discuss how Held succeeded in critiquing Heidegger’s individual time thinking and led to the concept of intergeneration. Therefore, the following four directions to expound the relevant discourse: (1) filial piety and intergenerational caregiving in the family, (2) the experience of Alltäglich and Generativität, (3) the instrumental and authentic love within inter-generations, (4) transformation and transmission in the intergenerational caregiving. Filial piety is a sophisticated cultural design, which not only echoes the significant intergenerational ethical attitude, duty, and role performance but also provides the base for our body’s lived experience. This article aims to explore certain kind of transaction and possibility for a more authentic way or realistic life while focusing on the filial piety within the intergenerational transmission and caregiving. It is hoped that we can rebuild a new sincere intergenerational caregiving and ethical practice paradigm rather than a fault or clash.