音樂的陌生化與可聆性──與大江健三郎一起傾聽武滿徹和大江光的音樂

Defamiliarization and Comprehensibility in Music – Listen to the Music of Tōru Takemitsu and Hiraki Ōe with Kenzaburō Ōe

音樂與文學之愛，具現在大江健三郎和武滿徹之間，透過他們長年的溫馨友誼和創作上的相互激勵，為我們展示了當代文學家與藝術家的互動典範。本文首先透過武滿徹作品《雨之樹》和大江健三郎的小說《聽雨樹的女人們》，以及大江健三郎追憶武滿徹的《難以言喻的哀嘆》等隨筆散文，追索這兩位當代大師在創作上的互動軌跡。其次本文將從大江光追思武滿徹的作品《二月的安魂曲》出發，嘗試對大江光的音樂作品作一勾勒，揭示其作品之樸實風格與真摯的情感表達。這許多優美的音樂小品的誕生，卻來自大江健三郎無盡的父愛和他在諸如《靜靜的生活》等小說中，所描寫的恬靜的家庭生活！本文最後也將從大江健三郎的文字出發，探討「陌生化」手法在武滿徹作品中的運用，以及大江光音樂的旋律特質。對於「陌生化」表現手法的理解，乃至於現代藝術之多樣表現型態的領會，若無高度的文化素養與理解水平，將無從建立；然而，對廣大的音樂聆聽者來說，質樸、優美的旋律仍是音樂之可聆性的要素。武滿徹那複雜而陌生化的，充滿了大自然隱喻和宇宙神祕象徵的音樂，讓我們憧憬著一個高度知性的理解水平，一個資訊充沛、周延寬廣的文化氛圍；而大江光的作品裡，那童謠般的質樸和溫柔的悲憐情感，卻呼喚著我們純真的感性和浪漫底鄉愁。這是大江健三郎的文字和武滿徹與大江光的音樂，所帶給我們的啟示和激勵。

The friendship and reciprocal stimulation of literary and musical creativity between Kenzaburō Ōe and Tōru Takemitsu exemplify an ideal interaction between contemporary writer and composer. At the beginning of this article, we will prove this reciprocal stimulation of the two masters by discussing Takemitsu’s Rain Tree and Ōe’s Women listening to the Rain Tree. Then, by analyzing Requiem of February – in Memory of Tōru Takemitsu and other works of Hiraki Ōe, the mentally disabled son of Kenzaburō Ōe, we will try to illustrate the pristine character of Hiraki Ōe’s music. Hiraki Ōe’s fantastic picturesque pieces were inspired by his peaceful life and his father’s endless love. Finally, by citing Kenzaburō Ōe’s discourse on “defamiliarization”, we will examine how Takemitsu realizes this idea in his work. Works that utilize the idea and techniques of “defamiliarization” cannot be understood without a cultured background and intellectual comprehension. However, for a large number of music lovers, simple and agreeable melody is necessary for appreciating the music. The complex and defamiliarized music of Takemitsu, full of metaphors and cosmic symbols, demands the listener to have a high intellectual level and cultural ambiance as well as ample information. On theother hand, the innocent melodies of Hiraki Ōe, with their simplicity and tenderness, remind us of an eternal purity and romantic nostalgia. All these marvelous revelations were granted to us by Kenzaburō Ōe’s writings as well as the music of Hiraki Ōe and Tōru Takemitsu.