臺北市百人以上工廠勞工一般健康檢查之調查研究

Investigation of Labors Health Examination of Factories with more than 100 Labors in Taipei

勞工健康管理是勞工衛生管理的一個重要項目，為了了解勞工健康檢查異常率及健檢實際執行的情形，臺北衛生局及臺北榮民總醫院職業病防治中心於民國80年7月至81年6月期間，針對較具規模之百人以上工廠進行此項評估計畫。共訪視38家工廠，除8家工廠受檢率不詳外，其餘的30家工廠中有23家員工的受檢率在八成以上；法規規定之一般健檢項目異常率：血清麩丙酮轉胺基酶（GPT）：7.2%、尿蛋白：5.3%、胸部X光：4.4%、白血球：4%、血紅素：3.4%、尿糖：1.8%、肌胺酸酐0.9%；除了法規規定項目，亦有13家工廠給予員工法規規定健檢項目外的檢查項目，如膽固醇、尿酸、B型肝炎表面抗原等，其異常率分別為：三酸肝油脂：22.3%、B型肝炎表面抗原：18.2%、尿酸：9.7%、膽固醇：7.5%、血清麩草酸轉胺基酶：3.5%。

Medical surveillance is an important tool to protect workers from occupational diseases at early stage, as required by Occupational Safety and Health Act in Taiwan. To evaluate the compliance to the Act by large industries (with workers more than 100) in Taipei City, and to study the prevalence of abnormal findings is medical tests in different industries, we conducted this preliminary study. In 38 factories surveyed, 30 factories have complete records, and only 23 factories having more than 80% workers received the annual checkup. According to the definitions of abnormal by laboratories performing tests, the prevalence of abnormal findings in medical tests varied in industries. In average, GPT had highest prevalence (7.2%) of abnormal reading, followed by urine protein (5.3%)、CXR(4.4%)、WBC(4%)、urine surgar (1.8%) and serum creatinine level (0.9%). In addition, 13 factories workers received OSHA-nonordered medical tests. The abnormal finding of these tests as bellows: triglyceride (22.3%)、HBsAg positive (18.2%)、uric acid (9.7%)、cholesterol (7.5%)、GOT (3.5%). Although the factories surveyed were not representative for each industry and the results obtained here might not be generalized, researchers believe that these finding provide a basic background information of workers' health in Taipei, and further surveys like this should be conducted routinely.