針對兒童與青少年在接受針頭注射相關醫療程序產生的疼痛與焦慮所進行的心理介入處置

Psychological interventions for needlerelated procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents

介入處置的效果歸納如下：轉移焦點：在19 份研究中，分別運用了不同的轉移焦點介入處置，例如主動或被動地引導孩子、經由家長或專業醫療人員介入，或是有機會讓孩子自行選擇移轉的焦點目標。在這些研究中，轉移焦點對自我陳報的疼痛有顯著的正面效果。然而，對觀察陳報的疼痛，轉移焦點的效果並不顯著。轉移焦點對自我陳報的憂慮、對觀察陳報的憂慮，以及透過行為衡量的疼痛來說，效果都不顯著。轉移焦點對以生理量度的心跳速度以及生理量度的氧氣飽和度都具有顯著效果。

The effects of interventions are concluded as followed: Distraction: Various distraction interventions such as passive or active involvement of the child, parentor health professional involvement, or opportunity for the child to choose a distractor, are conducted in 19 examined studies. Among the studies, the effects of distraction on self-reported pain are significant. On observer-reported pain, the effect was not significant. The effects of distraction on selfreported distress, observer-reported distress and behavioural measures of pain are not significant. The effects of distraction on the physiological measure of hear t rate and physiological measure of oxygen saturation are significant. No conclusions could be drawn for the effects of distraction on the physiological measures of respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure , and diastolic blood pressure.