台灣天體主義論述與實踐之挑戰－－田野調查報告與省思

Challenges for Taiwanese Naturist Discourse and Practice-Field Study Report and Reflections

台灣天體主義的主流論述採「去性意識化」路徑，來回應著衣社會高度性意識化天體實踐和天體實踐者，以建構台灣天體主義的正當性。然而，台灣天體論述和實踐之間存在衝突，於論述層面將公共裸體與社交裸體去性意識化，在實踐層次則顯露異性戀性傾向核心，以生理性別、社會性別和性傾向來規劃天體活動。從天體女性位置看天體主義實踐，同樣出現斷裂︰實踐天體主義帶來解放、自由的感覺，突破父權社會對女性裸露的禁忌，但天體場域與天體社群也延續父權著衣社會的性別結構，致使女性天體主義者持續面對女性生理身體及其社會性別的性議題，如性化與性騷擾。反倒是台灣的邊緣天體實踐與論述能夠超越天體主流論述在著衣社會的推廣考量，較能貼近真實地探討天體主義者的性意識，肯認天體實踐中的性多元實踐，使天體論述能如實呈現現場運作。台灣天體論述與實踐兩者間的斷裂是台灣天體主義發展的挑戰，然而如何定位天體主義中的性意識，以在著衣社會推廣天體主義，同時也是契機，可使天體主義正視天體實踐者的性實踐和性意識，使天體論述如實反映天體實踐的性別議題。

In response to the tendency of clothed society to highly sexualize naturists and their practices, mainstream Taiwanese naturist discourse applies ＂asexual＂ and family-oriented approaches to construct social legitimacy for naturism and naturists. Yet, core beliefs about the importance of biological sex, gender, and sexual orientation in heterosexual, hegemonic, patriarchal, and clothed society still take effect in naturist activities and organizations, leaving naturist women feeling ambivalent toward naturist practices. While naturist practices create a space for women to break free from clothing constraints and gender segregation in nudity so as to further explore body experiences, hence empowerment, naturist women still encounter conventional gender and sexual issues, such as male gaze and sexual harassment. Marginal Taiwanese naturist discourse, on the other hand, recognizes the problems of gender, sexuality issues and sexual activities in naturist practices, and hence is able to create naturist discourses that can better reflect real-life naturist practices. The gap between Taiwanese naturist discourses and practices pose a challenge to Taiwanese naturism. How to construct sexuality in naturist discourse so as to promote naturist practice in a clothed society while dealing with the disjunction between the reality of naturist discourses and naturist practices poses a challenge as well as opportunity for Taiwanese naturism to reflect upon naturists' own gender, sexuality, and sexual practices in an effort to reconstruct naturist discourses that would better present a wide range of naturist practices.