2015年憲法發展回顧

Developments in the Law in 2015:Constitutional Law

本文以「對內」與「對外」兩個面向，觀察2015年憲法解釋、重要立法與重要憲政事件的發展。本文發現，不論「對內」或「對外」面向，2015年在憲政發展上，均有重要的成就，但也有必須進一步解決的深層問題。「對內」的議題，主要是人民參與及程序保障，相關回應與解決，基本上循著憲法解釋的路徑。「對外」的議題，涉及跨國性及高度政治事務，作為既有解決路徑的憲法解釋，難以找到著力點，因此多以政治部門為主要的紛爭解決機制。然而，若僅由政治部門主導，仍難以克服憲政上的不完美性，而必須從市民憲政主義（civic constitutionalism）的角度，透過更多的公民參與，讓市民社會、司法及政治部門共同形塑憲政主義的理想型態。

This article reviews constitutional interpretations, legislative enactments and major events in 2015 with two perspectives: external and internal. The author finds that important developments –notwithstanding constitutional imperfections– have occurred both externally and internally. Internally, focuses were placed on the enhancement of public participation and the guarantee of due process. The Constitutional Court’s interpretations have been pivotal to the affirmation of these key values. Externally, constitutional matters are more challenging especially for the Constitutional Court. Instead, the executive and legislature are the main vehicles for resolving disputes. Facing those more entrenched constitutional imperfections, both political branches and civil society must have more dialogue and establish deeper cooperation, with what the author calls ‘civil constitutionalism’, in the years to come.