1900年代中國的政治暗殺及其社會效應

The Political Assisantion and its Social Effect during the 1911 Revoultion

歷來對於清末暗殺的研究，忽略對暗殺思潮的全面理解。若能站在時代思潮的脈絡來探討，則能使吾人得到更多以往所忽略之面向。清末革命黨人為達成推翻滿清目標，且其力量單薄，往往使用暗殺手段達至其政治目的。暗殺所造成的傷害，不單是表面上個別清朝高官的死亡，更造成社會的普遍不安。而官方在處理暗殺問題時，仍以傳統思維對待。與已接受新觀念的知識人產生衝突，更令清朝大失民心，為其覆亡埋下伏筆。新式媒體作為一種重要的傳播媒介，在催化暗殺浪潮之過程中，傳播媒體所發揮之作用實不容忽略。而在清朝最後的日子中，由於暗殺事件頻繁，官員為暗殺的陰影所困擾。在民國肇建之時，革命黨人和滿族官吏仍選擇以暗殺作為其重要之鬥爭工具；惟其所針對的，不單只在政治上的敵人，更包括同一陣營內不同政見之人士。而在媒體的論述之中，暗殺之形象慢慢變得負面，終至於為社會主流所摒棄。惟在日後刺客一躍而為萬人敬佩的烈士。這種轉變的過程又說明了中國政治文化的轉向。

This paper discusses the issues about the political assassination during the 1911 revolution. The assassination, as the most powerful weapon of the Revolutionary Party, makes some influences to reduce the power of Qing court and make the officer to lose the control of society. In the time of tansformation, as Hao chang argued, the press as the Institutional mass media of the new knowledge and information, to make some change for the Chinese society. Through the press, the readers understand the image of the Assassin and make them to give some information about the Revolutionary Party and whom Anti-Manchu advocate. For the elites and residents, the assassinations make them to feel horror. For the officer, it makes them to do some uncivilized action as their vengeance. When the Qing fell down, the Revolutionary Party still carry on their assassination to make chaos for the society and the goverment. Some opinion issues that the assassination must be the inmoral Behavior for the new republic. So the party should not be allowed the assassination for the enemy and comrade. But the assassinations become Covert action in the early republic period and make some unhealthy influence to the political culture of the 20th century china.