蔣介石與現代國家的建構：以1930年代江西的地方政制改革為例

Chiang Kai-shek and Modern State Building: Taking the Local Political Reform in Jiangxi Province for Example in 1930s

本文主要藉由江西省在蔣介石督軍南昌，輔以熊式輝主政期間所施行的一系列地方政治改革措施為中心，分析有關省政府合署辦公、縣政府裁局改科等地方政治制度改革方案的具體內容及其影響，以了解蔣介石對於地方政治改革與建構現代國家之間的關係。對蔣介石來說，地方政治制度改革的目的主要是為了奠定革新地方政治的基礎，以利於加強行政效率並進一步推動各項具體措施，諸如保甲、保學或賦稅徵收制度等。因此在各項地方政治制度的具體的措施上，可以見到諸多採取統一地方政府權力以及擴大地方政府組織等手段作為改革的原則，如此進一步強化國家權力向基層社會的滲透，更有助於國家基礎性權力的擴張與穩固。因此，有了江西以及其他剿匪省份的具體經驗，1935年後蔣介石取代汪精衛主政，進一步將其有關地方政治改革的想法更加擴大範圍實施，到了1939年對日抗戰期間國民政府毅然決定全面施行「新縣制」也反映了相類似的改革邏輯。

This article aims to discuss the influence on Chiang Kai-chek’s thought in Modern State Building from his policies of local political reform in Jiangxi province. In 1930’s Xiong Shi-Hui as the Chairman of Jiangxi province, he based on Chiang’s thought and had carry out the reform policies of local political between the government of province and county. Chiang Kai-shek, the purpose of the local political system reform is mainly to lay the foundation for reform of local politics, in order to facilitate the strengthening of administrative efficiency and further promote specific measures, such as “Baojia”, universal education or the system of taxation. Therefore, the specific measures of the local political system, we can see a lot of unified local government authority and the expansion of local government organizations as a means of principles of the reform, and so further strengthen the state power to the grass-roots social penetration, but also help countries the basic power of expansion and stability. Thus, with specific experience and other bandits in Jiangxi province, when 1935 after Chiang Kai-shek ruled replace Wang Jing-wei, further to its ideas about political reform in place more expanded scope of implementation, Chiang decided carry out the “New county system” at 1939, this policy combined his thought and experience in Jiangxi. So we could find the significance of local political reform in Jiangxi Province.