大躍進與中蘇關係的詮釋

Great Leap Forward and its Explanations on Sino-Soviet Relation

本文探討大躍進與中蘇分歧研究的三種解釋。第一種解釋，「意識型態衝突論」說明毛澤東對於大躍進的獨特思維，牽動蘇聯的敏感神經。然而沒有充分的證據說明蘇聯的反應。第二種解釋「金門事件分歧說」認為金門事件的用意在於輸出大躍進的緊張，進而衝擊蘇共二十大的三和路線。從時間上來看，大躍進發動時，國內的氣氛是樂觀的，因此沒有緊張的氣氛需要輸出。大躍進與金門事件的關係需要更新的探討。第三種解釋則從毛澤東的認知著眼，中蘇的紛歧是因為毛澤東期待蘇聯的支持，而這種期待又在廬山會議落空，造成中共經濟再一次躍進。本文首先說明這三種解釋的內容。其次分析這些解釋的適用性。最後本文將指出，長期主導美國學界的「中國研究典範」對於中蘇分歧的解釋，需要更進一步的釐清與探討。

The article provides three explanations to Sino-Soviet conflict, and its relation with Great Leap Forward. The first explanation so called “ideology conflict” emphases Mao’s unique perspective of Great Leap Forward, which irritated and humiliated Soviet Union. However, little evidence accounts for Soviet Union’s response. The Second explanation Taiwan Strait Crisis analyses that Taiwan Strait Crisis is aim to transform domestic tension created by Great Leap Forward, challenged Soviet Union’s new foreign policy. Optimistic emotion, instead of tension was among top leader of Chinese Communism Party during Great Leap Forward, nevertheless. Also relations between Taiwan Strait Crisis and Great Leap Forward need further research. The Third explanation focus on Mao’s judgments to domestic affairs will affect Chinese foreign policy. Because of Soviet’s critics to People Commune, Sino- Soviet relation is no more harmony as1949-1956.The article, first examines content of these explanations. Second, analyses problems behind these explanations. Finally, point out “China Study Paradigm” which dominate China Study sphere in America academics in the past two decades, needed more examinations.