中華民國褒揚令之研究（1912-1937）

A Study of the Republic of China's Citations for Conferring Honors (1912-1937)

民國元年至民國26年之間中華民國政府一共頒發褒揚令1,129案，共13,929人次獲得褒揚，相關史料由國史館編為《中華民國褒揚令集》。褒揚令為政府依法公告之公文，代表國家立場對於社會價值觀之選擇與提倡。以該書為基礎，本文選擇民國建立至抗戰爆發前的褒揚令，分析比較北洋政府與國民政府對於褒揚態度的異同。通過研究可以發現褒揚令延續傳統之旌表慣例，並且有著宣示國家統治權的意義。而無論北洋政府或國民政府所發佈之褒揚令，傳統道德均呈現很大比例。北洋時期關於「貞節」之褒揚佔56％、國民政府時期佔37％、廣州政府所發佈之褒揚有38％，再加上對於孝道的提倡，則無論北洋政府或國民政府均重視傳統道德，在法律層面存在者傳統與現代之緊張關係。民國政府某方面持續提倡傳統孝順、貞節等傳統家庭範疇之道德，這是以往研究者比較少運用的材料。若以「家庭－－國家」之模式觀察，可見民國依然受限於儒家將家國緊密聯繫的傳統模式。通過褒揚令進一步整理，或許可以提供民國史研究更多參考資料。

From 1912 to 1937, the Republic of China government proclaimed 1,129 citations for conferring honors and more then 13,000 people. These citations showed a traditional trend, and involved a large part of the traditional morality of family—the “chastity” which is a representative of that. This article was tried to analyze the position of proclaiming citations between Beijing and Nanjing government, and to discuss the consistence of them. Chinese government proclaimed citations for chastity which was accounted 56% in 1912-1928(Beijing), 37% in 928-1937(Nanjing), and 38% in 1917-1928(Guangzhou). Many Chinese historians argued that the traditional family system limited the development of the modern society. Undoubtedly, because of the high percentage of commending for chastity, R.O.C. government maybe encouraged the traditional morality during 1912-1937.