從剿拳到撫拳：淶水教案之始末及其影響

From suppression to appeasement: The Lai-shui Religious Event and its Influence

光緒二十六年四月二十四日，淶水縣的義和拳民伏擊清軍，殺死副將楊福同，即淶水教案，亦是拳亂戕官的首例，國內視聽為之震動。淶水教案造成的大規模動亂，讓清廷倍感壓力，也讓駐京公使團感到十分不安，因而對清廷的態度更加嚴厲。本文欲從淶水教案的事發過程，瞭解高洛村民自組拳團的原因及其後續發展。再從清廷內各派人士對義和拳的看法，分析清廷陷入剿撫兩難的原因。另一方面，從各國駐京公使對淶水教案的誤解，觀察清廷與各國駐京公使的互動關係，瞭解雙方無法溝通、難以互信的原因。弔詭的是，尋求自保的同時，清廷選擇了撫拳政策，各國駐京公使則選擇開戰，雙雙走向不可收拾的局面，遂釀成八國侵華之大亂。

April 24th, the 26th year of Emperor Guangxu, Boxers in Lai-Shui suddenly assaulted the Qing soldiers. Yang Fu-Tong, the Colonel, was killed by Boxers. It is called'Lai-Shui religious event', and it is the first instance of attacking officers to death, which convulse the wholes society. The massive turmoil of Lai-Shui religious event affect and disturb both of the Qing government and the Envoy Army in Peking. And they turn their attitude toward the Qing government more strictly. Under the internal and external pressure, the Qing government transform their suppression policy into appeasement policy against Boxers. Eventually, it result in the tragedy of Eight-Nations Alliance. This article is to discuss the process of Lai-Shui religious event, start with understand the origin of Boxers, the reason why Gao-Luo villagers organize Boxers, and its follow-up incidents. Secondly, to see from the angle of internal the Qing government, analyze the dilemma of suppressing or appeasing Boxers. Finally, to observe the interaction between the Envoys and the Qing government after this incident. The misjudge and conflict of Lai-Shui religious event cause the relationship breakdown of those two parties. In order to seek for self-preservation, the Qing government choose the appeasement policy instead of suppression policy. On the contrary, the Envoy Army in Peking choose to start a war. Eventually it leads to Eight-Nations Alliance.