遠眺密支那：《大公報》報導中的密支那戰役

The Campaign of Myitkyina: from the view of Takungpao

本文試圖以1944年5月至8月，《大公報》對密支那(Myitkyina)戰役的報導為例，呈現戰爭時期新聞媒體對於特定戰事的報導型式以及內容。由於密支那戰役對中國戰區局勢具有相當的重要性，《大公報》在長達兩個多月的戰役期間，除了一般官方報導（援引自中央社、軍事委員會戰報或其他前線指揮部戰報）之外，還包括社評以及戰役親歷者投稿的目擊報導數則，涵蓋了現場觀察、媒體意見以及官方消息等幾個基本的敘事層面，已經可說是一件具有相當縱深與完整性的個案，可供分析及比較之用。官方戰報能夠及時反映前一日的戰役進展，但內容簡略，且懷有報喜不報憂之心態，僅報導有利事實而輕忽負面事態；社評直接反映報社主筆的觀感，其篇幅和體例也比較適於綜述前因後果，閱報人得以透過社論，一目了然當前局勢的演進與變化；目擊報導的價值，則在於提供讀者前線官兵生活的一個側面輪廓。然而無論何種型式，都儘量保持著正面的態度，極少談及戰局不利的一面。對於已與日本交戰八年的中國來說，此類報導也是維持民心士氣的手段之一。

The campaign of Myitkyina, begun at May 17, 1944, was a dared assault to reconnect the supporting route from China to India. Due to the importance of this campaign and the advantage in the early period, the Chinese media, such as the journal Takungpao(大公報), paid much attention for the battle in the Myitkyina region between the whole period of this campaign. In this short essay I would discuss the texts and forms of the reports about the campaign of Myitkyina on Takungpao, including the daily information from the official, which were in the regular form and told nothing bad about the battle; the comments of the Takungpao editorials, which told us how the media thought about this campaign; and some reports from the front line, represented the live condition through eyes of those people who involved in the battle. All these texts reflected less about the un-advantaged situation of the Myitkyina front line, even when the Allied troops were got into the trouble from the mud and the renitence of Japanese garrison. We can treat them as some kind of propaganda, to reinforce the morale of Chinese who had fought the Japanese for seven years.