堆高機傾覆預警裝置細部設計及分析

Detailed Design And Technical Analysis Of An Overturn Warning Device For Forklift Truck

近年來，堆高機（fork-lift truck）傾覆意外事件的發生頻率有逐漸增加並造成人員嚴重傷亡的現象。為了保護勞工安全，研製一危險預警裝置，以期減少意外發生。本研究更希望能從成本效益的考量，不採用價格昂貴之加速規，轉而只利用傾斜儀與速度感測計來感測堆高機之運動狀態，經由單晶片（single chip）以模糊邏輯演算法則來產生預警之燈號與語音，完成預警裝置的基本設計與製作，並利用一縮小尺寸之模型車做實驗測試以印證此預警指標的效用，其目標是為了預防堆高機傾覆意外的發生，提出解決之道，並藉由可靠且價廉的預警裝置，在堆高機有可能傾覆之前，事先給予操作人員適當的警告，使其及時做出修正的動作，以避免意外的發生並增進工作場所的安全。本研究的特點有幾項包括第一、對堆高機模式化所需參數少且皆可量測得到；第二、使用動態傾覆臨界值的方法來判斷堆高機接近傾覆的程度；第三、堆高機模型車、8051 單晶片控制單板及感測器的整合皆自行製作，故可完全掌握車輛及電子電路的特性；第四、將模糊邏輯理論應用於傾覆預警系統。

Over recent years, there has been an increase in the number of overturn accidents of forklift trucks. In most case, the driver was killed or seriously injured. To protect the operator, we initiated a project of a suitable warning device to prevent these accidents. Based on the consideration of cost effectiveness, the expensive accelerometer is abandoned. Instead, we use the tilt sensor and velocimeter to sense the dynamic condition of the forklift truck. In order to complete the base design of warning device, a single chip is adapted to make the warning lights and vocal forms by the fuzzy logic algorithm possible. A scaled forklift truck model has been built so that experiments can be performed to prove the effect of the warning index. The goal of the present study is to build a cheap and reliable warning device that has the capability to deliver a suitable warning signal to the driver so that rollover accidents can be prevented. The present warning device has the following features: (i) it requires minimum measurable parameters for the model; (ii) the dynamic-rollover-critical-index is used to show the degree of rollover of the fork-lift truck; (iii) since we have the completely knowledge of the device the truck, warning device and the circuit, thus we can easily integrate the warning device by using the sensors and 8051 single chip control board; (iv) fuzzy logic theory is used to implement the rollover warning index.