橋樑上部結構施工法風險評估

Quantitative Risk Assessment on Construction Methods of Bridge Superstructures

營造施工法所潛存的危害一直為設計、施工人員所忽視，而各施工法間何者較安全，亦無相關文獻可參考，因此在達到同一目的而存在許多施工法可選擇時，提供各施工法的危害種類、預防對策等為預防營造業高職業災害率的策略之一。本研究係經由比較、分析各類橋樑上部結構施工法施工程序、施工機具及勞工作業環境之潛存危害，並與以往該施工法所發生之災害案例驗證，再就危害分析之結果構思消除危害之方法。研究結果顯示，整體而言各類施工法中採用預鑄式施工法者其安全性均較場鑄式施工法為優，擬訂之災害預防對策包括結構設計等之工程控制及自動檢查項目之建議，並以量化之風險評估，比較分析各類施工法之安全性，供主管機關及營造事業單位之參採。

Design and construction personnel frequently neglect hazards associated with various construction methods. The current literature also lacks information on the safety of these methods. Classifying construction methods according to their hazards for construction projects that have a choice of the construction method used may be one strategy for reducing occupational injury rate in construction industry. The study seeks to analyze and compare the construction process and equipment of bridge superstructures, and to indentify hadards in such working environment, validate the existence of these hazards with cases of occupational injuries. Through hazard analysis the study will recommend techniques for eliminating such hazards and safety management system. Results of this research show that the precast method is better than cast-in-place method in safety. Preventive strategies include engineering controls such as structural design and management controls such as self-inspection. This project also use quantitative risk assessment to compare the realtive safety of these methods in order to serve as a reference for the authority and enterprises in construction industry.