作業環境溫度與勞工疲勞狀況研究

The Study of the Work Environmental Temperature and Worker's Fatigue

本研究的目的在瞭解高溫作業勞工的熱環境暴露程度及其自覺疲勞狀況，進一步探討綜合溫度熱指數WBGT及熱壓力指數HSI與高溫作業勞工疲勞狀況的關係如何。研究是以陶瓷、鋼鐵，及玻璃三家工廠為對象，進行作業環境WBGT和勞工HSI的測定工作。同時，以日本勞動科學研究所訂定之自覺疲勞症狀調查表為主要內容，進行高溫作業勞工自覺疲勞症狀的問卷調查，受測勞工共151人。研究結果顯示，各種工廠工人暴露之熱環境WBGT：鋼鐵工廠為30.3±2.7°C，玻璃工廠為23.9±2.3°C，陶瓷工廠為27.3±2.5°C；各工廠工人之HSI：鋼鐵工廠為113.6±38.4，玻璃工廠為88.2±24.4，陶瓷工廠為96.8±39.0。至於工人自覺疲勞症狀調查可以有效反應勞工之作業環境及工作型態所造成的疲勞，在三十項疲勞症狀中。盛行率最多的項目有：肩痛、腰痛、眼睛疲勞、口乾、想睡等五項，且均具統計上之意義。此外，本研究亦顯示WBGT與肩痛、腰痛和口乾有顯著相關性，而HSI則與眼睛疲勞、肩痛及口乾等症狀有顯著相關。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the state of fatigue of workers in hot working places and to establish effective methods of fatigue measurement. A method of discontinuous measurement was used to provide information about subjective symptoms of fatigue. The use of environmental measurements to predict worker heat stress was also adopted. A total of 151 employees of steel, glass and porcelain industries working at high temperature environment were completed in this study. The workers exposed to the hot environment with an average wet bulb globe temperature index (WBGT) values of 30.3±2.7°C, 23.9±2.3°C, 27.3±2.5°C respectively were measured at steel, glass, and porcelain factories. The values of the heat stress index (HSI) of workers are113.6±38.4, 88.2±24.4, 96.8±39 respectively. The results show that the prevalence of shoulder pain, low back pain, visual fatigue, thirsty, and drowsiness was significantly related to the WBGT index (P < 0.05). HSI values were also significantly related to the subjective symptoms of visual fatigue, shoulder pain and thirsty (P < 0.05). The questionnaire of subjective symptoms was effectively for finding the fatigue induced by work conditions in this study.