臺北市某健檢中心受檢者之高血壓及糖尿病的盛行率、自我認知率、治療率與控制率

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus among Adults Participating in Health Examinations in Taipei City

目的：由過去國內及國外研究可知高血壓及糖尿病之盛行率正在攀升，並威脅著許多先進國家民眾的健康，本研究藉由分析一健檢族群此兩種疾病之盛行率、自我認知率、治療率及控制率，提供流行病學資料以供國內臨床工作者參考。方法：本研究為觀察性橫斷性研究，收集2009年台北市某區域醫院18歲以上之健檢族群，有效血壓樣本3,389名，有效血糖樣本3,024名，進行盛行率、自我認知率、治療率及控制率之分析。結果：此族群中高血壓之盛行率、自我認知率、治療率及控制率分別為22.3%、76.4%、67.1%及48.2%，且男性皆高於女性（皆p<0.01）。糖尿病之盛行率、自我認知率、治療率及控制率則分別為6.1%、65.9%、51.9%及32.7%，男性之糖尿病盛行率8.2%顯著高於女性4.4%(p<0.01)，其餘指標則男性稍高但未具顯著差異。兩種疾病之最高盛行率均落在70-79歲族群，最佳控制率均在60-69歲，最佳之自我認知、治療率亦為大於60歲之族群。將兼具兩種疾病者(n=121)進一步分析，對兩疾病均有自我認知者佔62.8%，均在服藥治療者52.1%，均控制良好者僅18.2%；兩疾病自我認知及控制率無顯著差異，但對高血壓之治療率(24.8%)顯著優於對糖尿病(5.8%)(p<0.01)。結論：男性高血壓及糖尿病之盛行率高於女性，對於慢性病之自我認知、治療率可再提升，特別是糖尿病，衛教重點可提早至成年期早期，以期落實預防醫學之早期發現、早期治療。

Background: According to previous research in Taiwan and in other countries, the prevalence rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus are rising and are the main health concerns in developed countries. We assessed the status of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among adults who participated in health checkups in Taiwan in order to provide epidemiological information for clinicians. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Data came from records of adults who participated in health examinations in a regional hospital in Taipei City during 2009. We analyzed prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates with respect to hypertension (n=3,389), and diabetes (n=3,024). Results: The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates in our study group were 22.3%, 76.4%, 67.1% and 48.2% for hypertension and 6.1%, 65.9%, 51.9% and 32.7% for diabetes, respectively. Men had significantly higher rates for all four parameters of hypertension than women (p<0.01) and a significantly higher prevalence (8.2%) of diabetes than women (4.4%) (p<0.01). Adults with the highest prevalence and best control rates for both diseases were aged 70-79 and 60-69, respectively. The best awareness and treatment rates were among adults aged over 60. Among patients with both diseases (n=121), 62.8% were aware of both diseases and 52.1% received treatment for both, but in only 18.2% were both diseases well-controlled. There was no statistical difference between awareness and control rates, but the rate of treatment was much lower for diabetes than for hypertension (p<0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence rates for hypertension and diabetes were higher among men than among women. Awareness and treatment of chronic disease, especially for diabetes mellitus should be improved. The focus of health education should be in early adulthood, so that we can implement earlier detection and treatment.