臺灣成人肥胖因素之分析：2001年「國民健康訪問調查」

Factors Associated with Adult Obesity in Taiwan – 2001 NHIS Database Analysis

目的：根據大型的全國健康問卷調查資料，探討成人族群的肥胖相關因素，包括社會經濟地位、教育水準、工作與否、健康行為、主觀健康狀況、以及心理情緒因子。透過適當的體重控制衛教，希望能控制肥胖的盛行率。方法：利用2001年的台灣「國民健康訪問調查」，以二分類「肥胖」或「非肥胖」為應變數進行邏輯斯複迴歸分析。結果：成人肥胖與年齡呈現倒U型的關係；已婚男性肥胖機率較高(OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.62)；學歷愈高的女性(OR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.04-0.42)，主觀認為身體健康良好者(OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.93)，肥胖機率較低；情緒較低落者，肥胖可能性降低(OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.97-0.98)；有吃檳榔的人，肥胖機率明顯較高(OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.28-1.82)；有吸菸的男性，肥胖機率明顯較低(OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-0.78)；有工作的男性肥胖機率升高(OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.09-1.24)，但在職場中的女性肥胖情況明顯較少(OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99)。飲食習慣方面，規律吃早餐習慣者，肥胖機率明顯較低；喜歡肉類攝取者，肥胖機率較高；而蔬菜攝取較多的女性，肥胖可能性則愈低。有運動的成年人，肥胖機率亦較低。結論：實證結論顯示，政府應針對教育程度較低的民眾加強肥胖之衛教，並在飲食和健康行為方面加強宣導，將有助於降低肥胖發生的機率。

Objective: The determinants of adult obesity were examined using data from a large-scale health survey that included information on socioeconomic status, education level, employment status, healthy behavior, subjective health perception, and emotional factors. Through adequate weight control education, it is expected that the prevalence rate of obesity can be lowered. Methods: A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze data extracted from the 2001 Taiwanese National Health Interview Survey (NHIS 2001). Subjects were classified into two groups, obese and non-obese, by analysis of binary variables. Results: An inverse U-shaped curve relating to adult obesity was found for different age groups. Married males (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.05-1.62), females with a higher education level (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.04-0.42), people who consumed betel nuts (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.65-0.82), and males who were employed (OR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.09-1.24) revealed a higher likelihood of obesity, while people with a better subjective health perception (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.74-0.93), people with a low mood score (OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.97-0.98), males who smoked (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.42-0.78), and females who were employed (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.64-0.99) demonstrated a lower likelihood of obesity. In terms of diet, people who habitually ate breakfast and people whose diet contained a higher percentage of meat revealed a higher likelihood of obesity, while females who ate more vegetables and those who exercised regularly demonstrated a lower likelihood of obesity. Conclusion: The results of this study endorse the need for the government to reinforce obesity education programs, especially in regards to diet and lifestyle modifications, particularly for those individuals with a lower level of education.