某醫院健康促進計畫對其員工體適能變化初探

A Physical Fitness Health Promotion Program for Hospital Staff

許多慢性病與活動量不足密切相關，職場中介入適當的健康促進計畫，對於個人及職場有其正面效益。本研究乃以一年為期的健康促進計畫，藉由團體賦能的力量，期望改善員工體能健康狀況。以中部某醫學中心493名員工為研究對象，由每位參與者共同擬定運動計畫，以每週至少運動二小時，持續六個月以上為目標。計畫始於2004年8月至2005年7月，執行期間透過單位訪視了解員工執行問題，最後進行體適能前後測對照分析，作為計畫介入之成效評估。結果：整體上，介入健康促進計畫以腹肌耐力、背肌耐力、柔軟度、握棒反應、平衡感等項目呈明顯改善（p<0.01）；而身體質量指數、手握力和心肺耐力有顯著變差（p<0.05）。比較不同性別前後測之結果，僅在立姿體前彎的進步上達顯著差異，且女性改善幅度高於男性；不同年齡層對於體適能各項檢測結果並無影響。由本研究結果顯示，由醫院訂定健康促進政策，員工依其需求規劃健康促進計畫，並透過團體賦能的力量，確可獲致部份成效。惟其身體組成和心肺耐力，未能獲得應有的成效，可能為醫院臨床工作特性及飲食習慣改變，這提供未來在運動健康促進計畫的規劃上，必須考量工作型態的特性、員工涉入的程度，強調規律運動和正確飲食之重要性，始能將運動健康促進計畫有效融入生活之中，才能在健康體能與健康促進上得到廣泛改善之效果。

Many chronic conditions are closely related to lack of physical activity. Intervention using a health promotion program in the workplace is an important benefit for workers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of a health promotion program in physical fitness for hospital employees using a 1-year group empowerment strategy. The subjects for this study were 493 staff employed in a central medical center. The type of physical activity was selected by participants and each person was expected to exercise at least two hours per week. The program ran from August, 2004 to July, 2005. During the implementation phase, we visited participating units in order to address any questions about the study. The parameters of physical fitness were measured for each participant pre and post program. Data set analysis was conducted, and we found that sit-up, upper trunk lift, trunk flexion in standing, gripping response, and standing on one leg with eyes closed improved significantly. The trend in trunk flexion in standing improvement was more remarkable in females. Body mass index (BMI) also increased significantly, yet grip strength and cardiopulmonary endurance decreased significantly. When groups were stratified, there were no differences. This study demonstrated that implementation of a health promotion program using group empowerment in the hospital has positive benefits on the health of the staff; however, body composition and cardiopulmonary function improvement were not significant. It seems reasonable to assume these findings may be influenced by clinical characteristics and diet. Further research related to exercise promotion programs should include health promotion, staff commitment to active exercise, and diet modification. Integrating an exercise promotion program into daily life will improve health and health-related fitness.