勞工聽力保護行為相關因素研究──以紡織業為例

A Study on Hearing Protection Behaviors and Related Factors among Textile Mill Workers

為了解高噪音作業環境勞工背景因素、人際支持與工作環境、認知──知覺因素（認知、態度、自我效能、利益及障礙）與採取聽力保護行為之現況分佈情形，以及探討影響採取聽力保護行為之相關因素，以作為未來推動聽力保護計畫之參考，本研究立意選取北中南各 2 家紡織廠，廠內高噪音作業區勞工為對象，以自編結構式問卷進行調查，共得有效樣本 677 人，問卷回收率 82.4%。主要發現包括：聽力保護行為方面仍有 40% 勞工不會主動佩戴耳塞，25% 勞工不會正確佩戴耳塞；影響勞工採行聽力保護健康促進行為最重要的因子為勞工對聽力保護的自我效能，其次為主管支持以及工作環境；認知方面普遍對噪音性聽力損失不了解，僅有 15% 答對；整體人際支持度偏低 30%。依研究結果，建議加強著重提高勞工對聽力保護的自我效能及認知之勞工職前或在職教育訓練，並加強對工廠管理者的宣導，建立一套組織環境管理工作模式，以作為推動職場聽力保護計畫之參考。

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the degree and related factors of hearing protection behaviors among workers exposed to high levels of noise in order to provide a reference for future hearing protection programs. It is also aimed at understanding the background of workers who are exposed to highnoise working environments, their mutual support, their work environment, and their awareness of the highnoise problem in such terms as knowledge, attitude, personal erception benefits, and barriers. Subjects of this study were randomly selected from six high-noise textile mills two each in northern, central, and southern Taiwan. The investigation was conducted through questionnaires developed by researhers, 677 sets (82.4%) of which were collected. The main findings of this research are: 40% of the workers high exposed to noise never put on earplugs, and 25% of them do not wear the earplugs properly. Self-efficacy is regarded as the most important factor influencing workers to adopt hearing protection behavior; the next is management support and the work environment. Only 15% of the workers fully understand the consequences of noise to human health indicating a very low level of awareness. In addition, mutual support among the respondents is found to be very disappointing, at a level of only about 30%. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that workers in high-noise environments should undergo some pre-job training to increase their awareness and self-efficacy in reqard to hearing protection. This study hopes to develop a hearing protection intervention module to serve as a reference for future hearing protection programs.