餐旅服務業工作有關之肌肉骨骼傷病之省思

An Examination of Work-related Musculoskeletal Discomfort among Hospitality Industry Employees

工作有關之肌肉骨骼傷病（WMSD）據文獻報導不僅造成員工的身體不適，更影響工作結果與生活品質。本團隊承蒙國科會、勞研所和輔仁大學的研究經費贊助，得以逐年完成一系列餐旅服務人員 WMSD 傷病與人因工程流行病學的探討。研究過程中遵循許多專家學者的指示，使用不同的問卷、檢核表、測量儀器與調查模式，配合業者的時程與現場工作，方得收集若干有效數據。結果發現無論是廚師對食物的處理／烹調，服務生對客人的送餐與餐桌服務，客房清潔人員的清洗打掃等，他們不但徒手進行諸事，且高頻率又重複性的動作，不恰當的工作姿勢與有限的時間要求，均是造成員工健康的危險因子，不符合人因工程設計的器材亦值得警惕。無論如何，年齡是一個重要的影響因素，餐旅員工年資較深且年齡較長者，多有 WMSD 不舒適的煩惱，但限於教育程度與社經背景，衛教訓練不易。許多技職體系年輕學生無法面對工作繁重與薪資過少的開始而罷手，亦是餐旅教育的一大隱憂。許多專家指出，如要減少員工 WMSD 的盛行率，惟有進行人因工程計畫，方可改善工作環境、設備或方式。此外，執行有效組織管理，促進員工健康活動，每日運動訓練以增加體能（心肺耐力、肌耐力、柔軟度），將可降低職傷與肌肉骨骼傷病的發生，增強員工「自我健康管理」的機能。

The purpose of this study is to present the prevalence rate, body parts suffering discomfort, and potential risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among hospitality industry employees in Taiwan. Various studies were conducted using different methods, including workmethod questionnaires, ergonomic checklists, fatigue questionnaire; and perceived frequency/exertion/ distance rating tests. Risk factors reported for WMSD were consistent for highly repetitive work, static or constrained postures, heavy physical loads, and intensity of exposure forces to hands and feet. Even if the employees kept up their physical strength during work, they felt discomfort and a high prevalence of WMSD. Age was an influential factor, and job training was generally ignored in the workplace. Administrative management, ergonomics control, and health promotion plans should be encouraged in the industry to reduce employees’ risk of developing WMSD.