職業駕駛健身操介入效果評估

Effectiveness of A Health Promotion Program on Fitness and Health-related Indices in Professional Drivers

職業駕駛因工作特性，需要長時間以固定坐姿工作，且工作空間局限於狹窄空間，長期累積導致頸部活動受限與下背痛的異常情況較其它職場高出許多。為了針對職業駕駛進行職場健康促進計畫，行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所特別研究設計一套職業駕駛健康操，重點在於教導職業駕駛員於駕駛途中等待紅燈或空檔時間於駕駛座上做伸展放鬆操，或加強下肢、背脊及軀幹之強化操，藉此促進職業駕駛健康生理與心理機能。本研究目的即在評估此套駕駛健身操對職業駕駛之體能及健康狀態改善的效果。本研究對象為參與健康操計畫之 8 名駕駛（運動組，平均年齡為 49.5±7.6 歲）以及 6 名未參加健身操介入的駕駛（對照組，平均年齡為 40.8±9.5 歲） 。健康操介入計畫為期 10 週，每週上課 3 次，每次50分鐘。兩組參與者於介入計畫前後，均接受健康狀態問卷調查（台灣版SF36問卷）以及一系列體能測試。研究結果發現在 10 週的結構性健身操介入後，運動組在腰圍減少（p=0.049） 、背部肌耐力增加（p=0.012） 、動作敏捷度改善（p=0.018） 、以及心肺適能提升（p=0.017）等方面都有顯著的改善效果。在身心健康狀態的改變效果方面，SF36 的 8 個面向都出現進步，最明顯的進步在於身體生理功能，前後測得分進步約3分，達到統計上意義（p=0.034） ；其他面向進步幅度雖沒有達到統計意義，但與一般國民健康調查結果相比，都優於其各面向得分之平均值。反觀對照組職業駕駛在體能指標與健康狀態前後測得分均沒有差異。

The Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) released a specific-designed calisthenic exercise program for drivers in 2002. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of this specific program on improving the fitness and health-related indices in professional drivers. Participants of this study included two groups of professional drivers, 8 in the exercise group (aged 49.5 ± 7.6 years) and 6 in the control group (40.8 ± 9.5 years). Subjects in the exercise group participated in a 10-week specific-designed calisthenic exercise program (50 minutes per session, and 3 times per week) while subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention. The outcome measures consisted of fitness indices such as body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, neck and back endurance tests, trunk flexion flexibility, cervical range of motion, a 20-sec jump agility test, and a 3-minute step test. All subjects also filled out the Taiwanese SF36 health-related questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study. After the 10-week calisthenic exercise program, significant positive effects were found in the exercise group on reducing waist circumference (p=0.049), increasing back endurance (p=0.012), improving the jump agility (p=0.018), as well as enhancing the cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.017). Improvement also was shown in increasing the scores of all dimensions of the SF36. Although significant difference was found only in the physical functioning subscore (p=0.034), the other 7 subscores of the SF36 obtained after the 10-week intervention were higher than the averages of the general population. No effects were found in the subjects of the control group. We concluded that the specific-designed calisthenic exercise program positively influenced physical fitness and health-related indices in professional drivers.