塑膠製品射出成型機危害與安全系統分析研究

Study of Hazards and Safety System of Injection Molding Machines

由於塑膠製品的廣泛應用，同時射出成型又是塑膠加工中用途最為廣泛、最迅速的製造方法之一，其加工主力設備──射出成型機在機械結構及動作上卻存在了許多的危害。而國內雖然塑膠加工業十分發達，但針對射出成型機安全性的法令或規章的要求卻不夠完善，再加上射出成型機製造業者品質不一，缺乏機械安全設計觀念，更使得廣大的射出成型加工業之勞工暴露於危險環境之中。因此國內實有必要建立一套射出成型機安全規範及驗證制度，以要求射出成型機業者遵循及保障勞工安全、提昇國產機械品質。本研究除藉由對國內射出成型機使用安全狀況作調查分析之外，並參考國內外相關標準，擬定出本土化射出機安全標準草案，再經由實機測試確認其可行性及保護周全性。同時也提出安全驗證機制，以期能促進安全標準的落實，最後並提出型式驗證草案以協助使用者及檢驗單位檢視射出成型機的安全性，另提出了安全技術指引以期提升射出成型加工業者的安全操作習性。期此研究成果可為安全標準、安全法規、安全技術指引、測試方法與安全驗證制度訂定之參考依據，亦可供國內射出成型機製造業者做為設計及製造指引，及射出成型加工業者做為採買及使用之依據，達到降低射出成型業者之職業災害，進而提昇國內射出成型機之安全水準及產品形象之目的。

Plastic products have been widely used today. One of the most common and efficient methods to produce plastic products is the plastic injection-molding process. The main equipment of this process is the injection molding machine, which has many hazards associated with its structure or movement. Although the plastic industry is well developed in Taiwan, safety standards and regulations for plastic injection-molding machines are still limited. In addition, some of the machine manufacturers lack the concept of safety design. These put the workers in a highly dangerous working environment. Therefore, it is vital to establish a set of safety standards and regulations for plastic injection-molding machines, which can be adopted by the equipment manufacturers for the purpose of protecting the workers. This research has established the manuscripts of safety standards and regulations according to the investigation and analysis of the safety conditions of injection-molding machines and relevant information from other countries. Also a machine safety test was performed to check the completeness of these proposals. A certification system has been drawn up in this research to ensure compliance of the safety standards and regulations by the manufacturers. In addition, a manuscript of instructions for safety operations also has been written to help the workers to operate the machines safely. We believe results of this research can be used as a reference when the competent government agency establishes the standards and regulations for plastic injection-molding machines. We also expect these results can be used as a guideline for design, manufacturing, purchasing and operating of the injection-molding machines. The goal is to reduce occupational hazards of plastic injection-molding process workers.