攝影記者肌肉骨骼傷害自覺症狀之調查與生物力學分析

Investigation of Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Biomechanical Analysis for Photograph Reporters

下背痛是很普遍的肌肉骨骼傷害，勞委會勞工安全衛生研究所曾以半導體製造業作業人員、肉品處理作業員、及營造業的工人來調查肌肉骨骼傷害的問題。本研究以攝影記者為對象來探討工作與肌肉骨骼傷害間的問題，研究分為三個部分：問卷調查、人員之訪談／工作分析、及生物力學分析。問卷調查部分發現有92.9%的攝影記者反應在過去的12個月中曾經歷肌肉骨骼傷害的症狀，症狀出現的比例以肩膀（67.9%）、下背（66.7%）、及上背（63.5%）三個部位最高；工作分析則發現攝影時之姿勢可以分為立、坐、跪三大類之十種姿勢，實際之攝影工作時間佔攝影記者工作之時間比例並不高。生物力學的分析只有立姿提拍在人工抬舉評估中有超出動作極限（Action Limit，簡稱 AL），其他作業姿勢則並未發現有椎間盤受力超過AL之狀況。

Lower back pain is a very common occupational safety and health problem. The Institute of Occupational Safety and Health had conducted research concerning musculoskeletal problems for employees of semiconductor manufacturers, meat processing companies, and construction industries in the past. In this research, investigation of the job and musculoskeletal problems for photograph reporters are performed. Questionnaire survey, personnel interview, and biomechanical analysis were conducted. Results of questionnaire survey indicated that 92.9% of the photograph reporters reported that they experienced musculoskeletal symptoms in the past 12 months. Shoulder, low or back, and upper back were the three most common body regions with reported symptoms. The percentages were 67.9%, 66.7%, 63.5%; respectively. The postures when shooting were classified into three categories such as standing, sitting, and kneeling and ten postures. The percentage of time spent on shooting was relatively short as compared with other activities. No evidence of high compressive force on lower back was found in biomechanical analysis except in standing, carrying camera by one side posture. The compressive force on L5/S1 exceeds 3400N, which implies a risk of lower back injury.