安提歐庫斯的哲學

The Philosophy of Antiochus

柏拉圖的「學院」發展至西元前三世紀，從獨斷論的立場轉變為懷疑論的立場；經過一個多世紀的發展，懷疑論的學院在西元前一世紀被安提歐庫斯 (Antiochus of Ascalon) 終結，且回到獨斷論的立場。這篇文章的論述目的有二：第一，安提歐庫斯是何時從懷疑主義的立場轉變為獨斷論的立場；第二，他的獨斷論的學院思想是否與柏拉圖的思想相符。關於第一個議題，傳統的詮釋認為西元前八七／八六年是安提歐庫斯與懷疑論學院決裂的時間，但文中的論述將指出，這個決裂的時間比一般的理解更早。至於第二個議題的處理將聚焦於安提歐庫斯的知識論及倫理學思想的討論，藉以凸顯他的融合主義的學院思想與柏拉圖的相關思想大相逕庭。從這篇文章的討論亦可提供當代的我們，一個較不尋常的方式思考希臘哲學史發展裡，各個哲學學派間關係的機會。

Plato’s ‘Academy’ has switched its philosophical position from dogmatism to skepticism in the third century B.C. And it has not changed its skepticism for the next hundred years until Antiochus of Ascalon ended it, and brought dogmatism back into the Academy. The purpose of the paper is two-fold: Firstly, when did Antiochus change his philosophical allegiance from skepticism to dogmatism? Historians have traditionally proposed that the breakup and falling-out between Antiochus and Skeptic Academy happened in 87/86 B.C. However in this paper I would suggest that it happened a few years earlier than the traditional interpretation. Secondly, whether his thought is compatible with that of the founder of the School, Plato? By virtue of discussing Antiochus’s epistemology and ethics, I would like to show that his Academic philosophy is quite different from Plato’s. In addition to the abovementioned two issues, the discussions of Antiochus’s thought in this paper can provide us a rather unusual way of looking at the development of ancient Greek philosophy.