台灣是遷佔者國家，還是遷居者國家？ Settler State一詞翻譯的商榷

Is Taiwan an Alternative “Settler State”?

「遷佔者國家」（settler states）一詞，源自於社會學學者張茂桂對美國比較政治學家羅那．維惹（Ronald Weitzer）所著 “Transforming Settler States : Communal Conflict and Internal Security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe”一書的書評內容，維惹在著作中以北愛爾蘭與羅德西亞（辛巴威共和國的前身）為例，探討轉型中的遷佔者國家，主要是敘述北、羅二者在轉型過程中所發生的種族衝突與內部安全情形，由於維惹在書中曾多次提及台灣在1949年的遷徙與其後的政治發展，因此有些學者以相同的觀點看待台灣為「遷佔者國家」。關於「遷佔」一詞，有遷入而佔領之意，若應用在北愛爾蘭與羅德西亞的案例中，可以得到理論的驗證；然而，相較於台灣的情況，則與北、羅二者有許多差異之處，因為對於1949 年遷入台灣的移民而言，他們是遷入而居住，若是以「遷居者國家」稱之，則較為適切。由於台灣是個多元文化的移民社會，各種意識型態的形成與發展，都可能會響影社會的族群融合、社會安定與社會凝聚，是以，本文試圖透過文獻檢閱，驗證與比較近代相關史實，並從台灣的觀點解讀羅那．維惹所定義的settler state 一詞，探究台灣在歷經1949 年國民政府遷台之後，是「遷佔者國家」，還是「遷居者國家」？

When Ronald Weitzer defines the “Settler State” in his book, he mainly discusses two cases, one is Rhodesia or Zimbabwe, the other is Northern Ireland. However, he also mentions several times about Taiwan. In some facets, the case of Taiwan meets for the definition of settler societies. For instance, in 1949, the migrant groups who assumed a superordinate position vis-à-vis native inhabitants and built a self-sustaining state that are de facto independent. However, Taiwan’s government has never de jure or de facto independent from the mother country. Furthermore, there are some differences between Taiwan and two cases of “Settler State”. So, this article tries to compare these differences, in order to inquire into whether Taiwan is an alternative “Settler State”?