地方文化資產保存運動的共識動員分析以苗栗護窯運動為借鏡

A Consensus Mobilization Analysis of LocalCultural Heritage Preservation Movement-- A Case Study of the Protection Movement of the Brick Kilns in MiaoLi

本文欲以苗栗護窯運動為釋例，探討目前台灣文化情境下，地方文資保存運動者在建構認同的過程中，通常提出什麼論述、行動及儀式以形成集體共識？地方政府又是透過何種機制與論述去消解社運者欲喚起的共識認同？窯盟的共識動員過程，又在哪些地方出了問題？研究結果發現，在拆除古窯前的論述構框交鋒部分，窯盟主打三座窯（包仔窯、四方窯和八卦窯）的稀有性，並籲請苗栗縣政府在原預定的高鐵興建區內成立古窯人文生態博物館，以創造文化觀光雙贏局面。縣府則以審議委員會決議「窯不具稀有性」與辦理都市計畫變更將嚴重影響高鐵苗栗站的「開發」時程反應；在拆窯後，窯盟將論述構框在地方與中央相關官員的究責與質疑文資審議機制的缺失，並要求「原址保留」地下煙道，重建古窯；縣府則強調一切「依法行政」，並依事後補正的審議委員會議決議，將地下煙道「移地」保存。綜觀來看，窯盟共識動員過於強調理性認知層次，缺乏感性情緒層次，難創造動員潛力，另過於重視拆除古窯的究責，缺乏在地互動與議題結合，致使在地民眾投入度不高，再加上文化保存議題本身的理想性，難以製造一般民眾利益參與的誘因，而縣府拆窯迅速，造成後續目標變動與無專業解決方案，亦是造成此文化保存運動難以動員的原因之一。

This article tried to use the Protection Movement of the Brick Kilns in MiaoLi to be an example to explore the respective consensus mobilization process for actor of local cultural heritage preservation movement and Local Government in contemporary Taiwan situation. In this study , we adopt text analysis and interview to be research methods. We analyze 50 news reports , relative government documents and interview 13 participamts of the Protection Movement of Brick Kilins. For analyzing convenience , the whole protection movement of the Brick Kilns was divided into two different phase–before and after demolition. The results showed that before the demolition of the Kilns, the discourse framing of the association for the Protection Movement of the Brick Kilns was focused on the rarity of the Kiln, and call on government to establish the Kiln Museum of human ecology in order to create a win-win situation; then MioLi County Government stressed the Kiln is not a rare cultural heritage through Resolution of the of Cultural Heritage Committee, and the changes of urban planning process will seriously affect the “developmental” schedule of highspeed rail MiaoLi station. After demolition of the kiln, kiln Association’s discourse framed on the illegal and responsibility of the local and central government and appealed to reserve the underground flue pipes according their original place ; MioLi County Government stressed that they are the “administration according to law”, and moved the underground flue pipes to other place. In short, it is too emphasized the rational cognitive level and lacked of emotional level of discourse framing for the Kiln Association in mobilizing consensus to difficult to attract participants; and lack in interactive or combination of issues with local affair , resulting in the low sense of involvement for local people; in addition that kiln body was demolition too quickly by the MioLi County Government to react immediately, all of these were the reasons of failure for this cultural preservation movement.