預告登記制度的死亡與再生

The Death and Survival of Advance Notice Registration System: Focused on the Scope of Application

《物權法》第20條規定了預告登記制度，它適用於房屋買賣、抵押等引致不動產物權變動的交易，功能是通過防範不動產物權人的一物數賣等行為，來確保買受人等債權人實現其請求權。在房屋買賣或抵押交易中，網上簽約機制發揮著防止所有權人一房數賣的實際作用，這與預告登記制度的功能高度重合，導致預告登記制度在實踐中走向死亡。為了避免制度資源的浪費，使預告登記制度獲得再生，有必要調整其適用領域，進行制度整合和創新，把租賃權、優先購買權等也納入其中。

Article 20 of Property Law stipulates the Advance Notice Registration System, which is applied to the transactions of the change of real right resulting from the sale of real estate, mortgage and so on. The function of the system is to make sure the creditors, such as vendees, to realize their claims through preventing the acts such as selling real estate for times. In the course of real estate transaction or mortgage, the mechanisms, such as signing contracts on the internet, share the same function with the Advance Notice Registration System and leads the System to the end in practice. To avoid the waste of system resources and to make the System survive, it is necessary to adjust the fields where it applies in, make integration and innovation, and bring the leasehold, preemptive right and other similar rights into the System.