開除黨籍與司法審查－－黨內民主原則的再出發

Judicial Review and the Expulsion from Political Party: Reinitiation the Principle of Intra-party Democracy

本文乃以黨內民主原則出發，透過台、德比較來探討開除黨籍、法律適用和司法審查的議題。首先說明黨內民主在德國基本法和政黨法的概念內涵，藉以釐清政黨規範和社團規範的區別。在此一脈絡下，本文提出開除黨員和開除社員法理區別說來解決人團法下開除黨籍的法律適用問題。而後探究德國政黨法關於開除黨籍的規範法理，說明政黨仲裁法庭的作用與開除黨籍構成要件化的規範意旨，用以釐清我國人團法下黨內民主的規範內涵。再者，本文乃解釋憲法上政黨自由和黨內民主的理論脈絡作為政黨自治與司法審查界線的說理。最後評析台灣國會議長黨籍案之相關判決並提供若干法律見解。

This article examines the judicial review of expulsion from the political party based on a comparison between Taiwan and Germany from the perspective of intra-party democracy. Firstly, the concept of intra-party democracy in German constitution and party law is explained in order to clarify the differences between party law and association law. Henceforth this article makes a judicial distinction between expulsion of party member and that of association member to address the applicability of Civil Organizations Act (COA) on this issue. Secondly, this article introduces the legal regulation of expulsion from the political party in German party law, to explicate the function of Parteischiedsgerichte (＂party arbitration court＂) and the rationale of regulating the constituent elements of expulsion from the political party, in order to compensate the concept of intra-party democracy under COA in Taiwan. Thirdly, this article explains the theoretical evolution of freedom of association, freedom of party, a ssociation autonomy, and party autonomy in constitution for the choice of examining standard. Lastly, this article comments on judgments of the expulsion of the Taiwan parliament speaker from Kuomintang (KMT) party and provides legal interpretations of this case.