基本權保障與軍事懲戒制度－－兼論新修正陸海空軍懲罰法

Fundamental Rights Protection and Military Punitive System- A Study on the Amendment Process in ＂Act of Punishment of the Armed Forces＂

2013年7月陸軍下士洪仲丘於禁閉室中操練後死亡引起軒然大波，除了導致了軍司法制度的改革外，對於陸海空軍懲罰制度也有所討論，並於隔年四月通過陸海空軍懲罰法的修正草案，寄望透過該法的修正一改此前不合乎民主法治國家之汙名，之後並順利通過，但是否得以發生效果仍有待討論。本文將從特別權力架構下的陸海空軍懲罰法規定談起，並介紹其重要之實體與程序規定。其後並說明憲法對於軍事懲戒制度之要求。另一方面，德國為我國行政法制，甚至軍事統治制度的主要參考國家，以往之軍政與軍令二元分立系統的做法，即是師從德國帝國時期之制度，現今德國業已進入法治國家之狀況，其制度可得參考。而該國所提出的勤務法院制度用以保障當事人權益的設計頗值嘉許，並可兼顧懲戒的效率。

Death of Hung Chung-chiu led the Amendment Process in ＂Act of Punishment of the Armed Forces＂. The new ＂Act of Punishment of the Armed Forces＂. The amendments significantly change the content of the Armed Forces punishment law. If a person is punished to a Dismissal, Demotion or Penitent usw. who refuses to comply with the said punishment, he or she may institute an administrative appeal or proceeding; if a person is punished to other kinds of punishment who refuses to comply with the said punishment, he or she may plead to his superior bureau. But the Committee for the Fundamental Rights Protection of Soldiers is build by Ministry of National Defense. It is Ineffective. So we should build the Truppendienstgericht (Tropps court) as Court of Appeal wie Germany.