建築物火災分析特性之研究－－以新北市住宅火災為例

The Research on the Analysis of Characteristics of Home Structure Fires - Case Study on New Taipei City Residential Fires

臺灣地區近年發生多起重大住宅火災意外事故，大眾對於如何防範火災、降低生命及財損非常重視。新北市轄區幅員廣闊，都市區域人口密集度高，一旦發生火災極易造成人民生命及財產損失。內政部2010至2014年統計，新北市發生722起火災案件，其中住宅火災案件計有342起，佔案件總數約47.4%。研究採用綜合文獻回顧及次級資料分析法建置住宅火災統計資料庫，再以統計軟體探討新北市住宅火災發生現況特性，進行時空因素與建築物因素、時空特性與致災因素、建築物因素與致災因素及上述各類別因素與損害情形之關聯性分析，以瞭解各因素間之關聯性。研究結果得知，住宅火災主要發生於冬季；人口數大於10萬人之行政區，集中發生於三重區、板橋區都會型城市；5層樓以下住宅建築物發生火災次數佔77.5%；起火處所主要位於臥室內，起火原因主要電氣設備因素引燃；進一步時空因素、建築物因素、致災因素及損害情形間進行關聯性分析。研究結果顯示，具顯著關聯性的計有燃燒面積與行政區、建築物總樓層數、起火建築物、建築物結構；發生時段與起火建築物、建築物結構、起火原因；行政區與建築物樓層數、起火建築物；人員傷亡情形與發生季節、發生時段、建築物樓層、起火原因；有無成災與發生時段、起火原因。

Owing to the occurrence of several severe residential fires in the past few years, the public has paid much more attention on the relevant policies as well as less casualty and damage. Statistics show that there were 722 fire accidents in New Taipei City from 2010 to 2014, and 342 cases were among them. New Taipei City has a large area with dense population which always causes serious casualty and damage during fires. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the characteristics and the main factors of residential fires based on the statistical data from New Taipei City Fire Department. It is expected that the research can afford effective suggestions with policies on preventions for government. According to the residential fire database of New Taipei City constructed by the literature reviews and Secondary Data Analysis method, the research develops two major subjects by SPSS statistic software the characteristics and the interactive relevancies among spatiotemporal factor, structural factor, fire factor and the damage of fires. The results identify winter is the most frequent time for residential fires; the areas with population over 100 thousand, especially Sanchong and Banqiao are the targeted ones. Approximately 77.5% of the fires are occurred under five floors, and the major fire origin is the bedroom and the leading cause is the electrical factor. The further study to the fire factors identifies the significant relevance between spatiotemporal and structural factor, between spatiotemporal and fire factor, as well as among spatiotemporal factor, structural factor, fire factor, and damage.