揭開理查．史特勞斯首版《納克索斯島上的阿莉雅德娜》形式之謎：框架、歌劇與轉場

The Genesis of the First Version of Richard Strauss and Hugo von Hofmannsthal's Ariadne auf Naxos: the Frame, the Opera, and the Transitional Scene

在《理查．史特勞斯作品目錄》（Richard Strauss Werkverzeichnis, by Franz Trenner）裡，有兩部作品標題皆為《納克索斯島上的阿莉雅德娜》，其作品編號分別為：TrV. 228（1912）及TrV. 228a（1916）。但藉由作品的副標題便可明白兩者之獨立形式：首版TrV. 228包含了話劇配樂及歌劇兩種音樂形式；新版TrV. 228a則是純粹的歌劇。然而，首版作品本身即帶有在現實中難以被演出的缺陷，隨著新版本的出現，首版的演出機會更被壓縮，再加上史特勞斯總集（Richard Strauss Edition）中並未收錄首版作品之樂譜，使得今日大眾難以辨查其樣貌。首版《納克索斯島上的阿莉雅德娜》具有三個部份：框架、歌劇及轉場，各有其戲劇目的及內涵，作品的音樂結構組織也相當複雜。幸而作曲家與詩人的信件往來，清楚記錄了作品的形成過程，讓它的繁複有機會被釐清。本文擬利用劇本及信件為主要研究工具，輔以樂譜相對照，嘗試尋回首版《納克索斯島上的阿莉雅德娜》那逐漸被遺忘、模糊不清的本然樣貌。

According to Richard Strauss Werkverzeichnis by Franz Trenner, there are two works under the identical title of Ariadne auf Naxos, TrV. 228 and TrV. 228a, completed in 1912 and 1916 respectively. With their subtitles, it is obvious that the two versions have their individual forms. Whereas the first version incorporates two distinctive musical forms, incidental music and opera, the second version adopts the pure form of an opera. Due to several flaws for production, the first version has been difficult to stage. With its omission from the Richard Strauss Edition and the completion of the second version, the first version is doomed to oblivion and rarely appreciated by the general public. The first version of Ariadne auf Naxos consists of three parts: the frame, the opera, and the transitional scene. All three parts have its theatrical functions and meanings and are given a rather complicated musical structure. Fortunately, the correspondence between the composer and the poet records the development of the work, which makes it possible for the complexity of the work to be clarified. Based on the libretto and letters and with the aid of scores, this paper unveils the original contour of the first version of Ariadne auf Naxos and retrieves the work from obscurity.